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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

12. Deep Space Agenda

verfasst von : Ajey Lele

Erschienen in: Asian Space Race: Rhetoric or Reality?

Verlag: Springer India

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Abstract

Any satellite (or a probe) which travels to a distance of 100,000 km or more from the Earth’s surface is known to have entered the region which is normally depicted as deep space. Earth’s Moon is approximately at the distance of 400,000 km; hence, Moon missions are generally termed as deep space missions. Various other activities to reach planets like Mars, Venous or far-distance asteroid would be viewed also as part of deep space schema of the states. This chapter discusses the Asia’s agenda into deep space region. This chapter restricts itself to discuss Moon and Mars missions.

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The relay satellite ‘OKINA (RSTAR)’ made an impact on the lunar surface on February 12, 2009 (JST), and the four-way Doppler measurement mission was successfully completed.

In Japan, the Usuda Deep Space Center was established in Usuda Town (new name—Saku City from Apr. 2005) to conduct command operations and receive data from deep space probes. The uplinked radio wave from Usuda is relayed to main orbiter, which is returned to Usuda via relay satellite again, and Doppler frequency is measured at Usuda. This information is available at official JAXA website, and also please refer the succeeding note.

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It is a point where gravitational forces and the orbital motion of a body balance each other. There are five Lagrangian points in the Sun–Earth system, and the Chang’e-2 has reached one of those nearest to Earth. Lying in the Earth’s shadow, this Lagrangian point is exposed to less radiation from the sun than other Lagrangian points, and it is an ideal place for scientists to put space telescopes when they want to observe the universe. ‘China's second lunar probe reaches deep space’, China Daily, Aug 31, 2011, available at http://www.ecns.cn/2011/08-31/2048.shtml, accessed on Sept 2, 2011.

‘China’s second moon orbiter Chang’e-2 goes to outer space’, Jun 10, 2011.

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/China_second_moon_orbiter_Change_2_goes_to_outer_space_999.html, accessed on Sept 7, 2011 and ‘China's second lunar probe reaches deep space’, China Daily, Aug 31, 2011, available at http://www.ecns.cn/2011/08-31/2048.shtml, accessed on Sept 2, 2011.

Moon is seismically stable and has no winds hence offers a stable platform for observation, would allow scientists to extend the energy range of solar spectra below the energy cutoffs imposed by Earth’s atmosphere, observations would be free of complicating geomagnetic effects.

Interview with ISRO Chairman M. Nair in Pallava Bagla and Subhadra Menon, n-21, p.137–138.

“Missions to Mars Past Present and Future” http://www.disabled-world.com/entertainment/hobby/astronomy/mars-missions.php, accessed on Aug 20, 2011.

The Mars-94 and Mars-96 Missions [and Discussion] Author(s): Alexander V. Zakharov and H. Fechtig Source: Philosophical Transactions: Physical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 349, No. 1690, The Solar-System: A Review of Results from Space Missions (Nov. 15, 1994), pp. 295–307 Published by: The Royal Society.

‘China's Yinghuo-1 Mars’, Sept 9, 2010, Orbiter http://www.planetary.org/blog/article/00002655/linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0275106210000172, accessed on Sept 9, 2011. The information in this blog is based on two different papers written by Chinese scientists in Chinese journals. There are some variations (mostly minor) in the information provided in these papers.

‘China Likely to Launch First Probe To Explore Mars’ Surface In 2013’, Mar 03, 2011, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-03/02/c_13757750.htm, and Morris Jones, ‘China Goes To Mars’, http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/China_Goes_To_Mars_999.htmlaccessed on May 15, 2011.

Details of this experiment are available on http://mars500.imbp.ru/en/index_e.html, accessed on Jan 2, 2012.

White House science adviser John Holdren before testifying May 4 before the House Appropriations subcommittee on commerce, justice and science. ‘Obama sees China as a partner in Mars mission’, Jun 5, 2011,http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42934529/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/obama-sees-china-partner-mars-mission/\#, accessed on Sept 6, 2011.

http://www.firstpost.com/tech/indias-mars-mission-to-begin-november-2013-459232.html, accessed on Sep 19, 2012.

Helium-3 is expected to help greatly towards resolving the energy crisis on the Earth.

States are looking at Antarctica model for Moon—the earlier you reach you are suitably positioned to grab the peace of ‘Earth’ for your state. A permanent base has a major military relevance too. Also, such a (zero gravity) base can help significantly research and development activities.

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Titel: Deep Space Agenda
verfasst von: Ajey Lele
Verlag: Springer India
Buch: Asian Space Race: Rhetoric or Reality?
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-0732-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-81-322-0733-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0733-7_12

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