Introduction
Field site description
Physical setting of the Young Sound area
Geology and geomorphology of the Young Sound area
Materials and methods
Climatic drivers, meteorology, sea-ice coverage, and waves
Freshwater discharges and suspended sediment loads
Geomorphology
Results
Temporal variation of climatic drivers, sea-ice content, and waves
Year | Ice break-up | Ice formation | Ice-free period |
---|---|---|---|
Young Sound | Young Sound | Young Sound (days) | |
1996 | 13-07-1996 | ||
1997 | 22-07-1997 | ||
1998 | 22-07-1998 | ||
1999 | 24-07-1999 | 30-09-1999 | 68 |
2000 | 08-07-2000 | 09-10-2000 | 93 |
2001 | 16-07-2001 | 21-10-2001 | 97 |
2002 | 08-07-2002 | After 7/10, no images | |
2003 | 08-07-2003 | 13-11-2003 | 128 |
2004 | 08-07-2004 | 01-11-2004 | 116 |
2005 | 07-07-2005 | 30-09-2005 | 85 |
2006 | 23-07-2006 | 06-10-2006 | 75 |
2007 | 17-07-2007 | 01-10-2007 | 76 |
2008 | 11-07-2008 | 18-11-2008 | 130 |
2009 | 14-07-2009 | 04-10-2009 | 82 |
2010 | 10-07-2010 | 12-10-2010 | 94 |
2011 | 11-07-2011 | 20-10-2011 | 101 |
2012 | 15-07-2012 | 10-10-2012 | 87 |
2013 | 02-07-2013 | 18-10-2013 | 108 |
2014 | 14-07-2014 | 28-10-2014 | 106 |
Temporal variation of climatic drivers and fluvial discharges at Zackenberg
Spatial variation of fluvial discharges in the Young Sound area
ID drainage basin | Area (km2) | Area ice-free (km2) | Dischargeratio Asiaq (%) | Discharge ratio area (%) | Discharge ratio area ice-free (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 513 | 421 | 100 | 100 | 100 | Zackenberg |
2 | 654 | 183 | 127 | 43 | Tyrolerfjord | |
3 | 139 | 118 | 27 | 28 | Revet | |
4 | 218 | 116 | 70 | 42 | 28 | Lerbugten |
5 | 125 | 114 | 24 | 27 | Henning Elv | |
6 | 123 | 91 | 24 | 22 | Louise Elv | |
7 | 73 | 60 | 20 | 14 | 14 | Rudi Bugt |
8 | 49 | 43 | 10 | 10 | 8 | |
9 | 130 | 44 | 25 | 11 | 9 | |
10 | 80 | 26 | 40 | 16 | 6 | 10 |
Spatial variation of delta morphology
Delta number | Fjord part | Geology | ID drainage basin | Delta size | Delta exposure | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length (m) | Width (m) | Shore length (m) | Curvature | Ratio Length/width | Shore-normal (°) | Fetch angle >3 km (°) | Normal Fetch (m) | Fringing bars | Multiple channels | ||||
1 | E Young S | 2 | 1 | 749 | 1.00 | 216 | 124 | 5800 | Y | Y | |||
2 | E Young S | 2 | 511 | 100 | 566 | 1.11 | 5.11 | 103 | 29 | 700 | Y | ||
3 | E Young S | 2 | 283 | 101 | 377 | 1.33 | 2.80 | 261 | 87 | 680 | Y | ||
4 | E Young S | 2 | 474 | 71 | 499 | 1.05 | 6.68 | 248 | 108 | 8700 | Y | ||
5 | E Young S | 2 | 718 | 258 | 939 | 1.31 | 2.78 | 238 | 141 | 6250 | Y | ||
6 | E Young S | 2 | 433 | 132 | 527 | 1.22 | 3.28 | 248 | 165 | 6100 | Y | ||
7 | E Young S | 2 | 839 | 109 | 891 | 1.06 | 7.70 | 257 | 162 | 4000 | Y | ||
8 | W Young S | 2 | 254 | 52 | 281 | 1.11 | 4.88 | 20 | 174 | 6100 | N | ||
9 | W Young S | 2 | 5 | 1076 | 183 | 1157 | 1.08 | 5.88 | 30 | 164 | 6470 | Y | |
10 | W Young S | 2 | 1349 | 245 | 1484 | 1.10 | 5.51 | 66 | 179 | 6500 | Y | ||
11 | W Young S | 2 | 1100 | 258 | 1237 | 1.12 | 4.26 | 100 | 82 | 7040 | Y | ||
12 | W Young S | 2 | 264 | 77 | 331 | 1.25 | 3.43 | 46 | 164 | 6100 | Y | ||
13 | W Young S | 2 | 1080 | 392 | 1396 | 1.29 | 2.76 | 24 | 310 | 6170 | Y | ||
14 | W Young S | 1 | 878 | 196 | 952 | 1.08 | 4.48 | 18 | 163 | 4330 | N | ||
15 | Tyrolerfj | 1 | 4 | 1182 | 1.00 | 28 | 71 | 3500 | N | ||||
16 | Tyrolerfj | 1 | 6 | 595 | 93 | 609 | 1.02 | 6.40 | 346 | 107 | 2450 | N | |
17 | Rudy Bugt | 3 | 1268 | 369 | 1438 | 1.13 | 3.44 | 308 | 95 | 2900 | Y | ||
18 | Rudy Bugt | 3 | 3 | 5462 | 2545 | 7608 | 1.39 | 2.15 | 307 | 37 | 9880 | Y | Y |
19 | Rudy Bugt | 3 | 7 | 957 | 144 | 1025 | 1.07 | 6.65 | 88 | 186 | 4500 | Y | |
20 | Tyrolerfj | 1 | 9 | 574 | 332 | 945 | 1.65 | 1.73 | 56 | 55 | 1250 | N | |
21 | Tyrolerfj | 1 | 2 | 498–855 | 1.00 | 149 | 28 | 5300 | N | Y | |||
22 | Tyrolerfj | 1 | 10 | 1252 | 435 | 1533 | 1.22 | 2.88 | 235 | 58 | 1020 | N | |
23 | Tyrolerfj | 1 | 8 | 272 | 89 | 298 | 1.10 | 3.06 | 218 | 131 | 4400 | N |
Discussion
Latitude | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
East | West | |||||||
Snow fall (mm) | 274 | 259 | 252 | 254 | 251 | 241 | 178 | 196 |
Rain fall (mm) | 59 | 36 | 32 | 27 | 16 | 9 | 9 | 18 |
Total (mm) | 333 | 295 | 284 | 282 | 267 | 250 | 188 | 214 |