Der Erwerb von Problemlösewissen durch Lernen aus Beispielen: Kognitive Anforderungen und Implikationen für die Entwicklung von Intelligenten Hilfssystemen

We discuss the role examples play in problem solving, what the obstacles are in using them effectively, and how students can be supplied with Computer support to overcome these obstacles. Two situations are disünguished where support could be helpful. For one, Computers can be used as somewhat intelligent retrieval tools which help a Student to find the „right“ examples or former problem solutions in the context of a current task. The right ones are those that are structurally, not only superficialis similar. The second fiinction of intelligent help pertains to the Situation where the Student does not solve a problem but studies an example in order to prcpare her/himself for later problem solving. In this Situation, the Computer should support the Student in mentally encoding the example so that it can be retrieved later on in the correct context and can be adapted flexibly. For both situations, we describe existing systems and report on our own work in progress.