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2019 | Buch

The Co-Design Framework Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Design and Development of Web Information Systems

verfasst von: Prof. Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Prof. Dr. Bernhard Thalheim

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book describes the research of the authors over more than a decade on an end-to-end methodology for the design and development of Web Information Systems (WIS). It covers syntactics, semantics and pragmatics of WIS, introduces sophisticated concepts for conceptual modelling, provides integrated foundations for all these concepts and integrates them into the co-design method for systematic WIS development. WIS, i.e. data-intensive information systems that are realized in a way that arbitrary users can access them via web browsers, constitute a prominent class of information systems, for which acceptance by its a priori unknown users in varying contexts with respect to the presented content, the ease of functionality provided and the attraction of the layout adds novel challenges for modelling, design and development.
This book is structured into four parts. Part I, Web Information Systems – General Aspects, gives a general introduction to WIS describing the challenges for their development, and provides a characterization by six decisive aspects: intention, usage, content, functionality, context and presentation. Part II, High-Level WIS Design – Strategic Analysis and Usage Modelling with Storyboarding, introduces methods for high-level design of WIS covering strategic aspects and the storyboarding method, which is discussed from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Part III, Conceptual WIS Design – Rigorous Modelling of Web Information Systems and their Layout with Web Interaction Types and Screenography, continues with conceptual design of WIS including layout and playout. This introduces the decisive web interaction types, the screenography method and adaptation aspects. The final Part IV, Rationale of the Co-Design Methodology and Systematic Development of Web Information Systems, describes the co-design method for WIS development and its application for the systematic engineering of systems.
The book addresses the research community, and at the same time can be used for education of graduate students and as methodological support for professional WIS developers. For the WIS research community it provides methods for WIS modelling on all levels of abstraction including theoretical foundations and inference mechanisms as well as a sophisticated end-to-end methodology for systematic WIS engineering from requirements elicitation over conceptual modelling to aspects of implementation, layout and playout. For students and professional developers the book can be used as a whole for educational courses on WIS design and development, as well as for more specific courses on conceptual modelling of WIS, WIS foundations and reasoning, co-design and WIS engineering or WIS layout and playout development.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Web Information Systems – General Aspects

Frontmatter
1. The Co-Design Framework
Abstract
The chapter introduces the co-design framework for the design and development of web information systems. Starting from a discussion of general aspects in conceptual modelling and design, their specificity for web information systems is investigated. This leads to a general characterisation by six decisive aspects: intention, usage, content, functionality, context and presentation. This is followed by the presentation of the abstraction layer model for web information system development emphasising different layers of abstraction and the dimensions of focus (global vs. local aspects) and modus (static vs. dynamic aspects). The strategic, business, conceptual, presentation and implementation layers layers, respectively, provide views on a web information system on different levels of abstraction emphasising in general, what the system is about, how users are intended to use the system, how the system can be modelled in an integrated way, how presentation can be tailored, and finally how the whole development process is to be organised.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim

High Level WIS Design – Strategic Analysis and Usage Modelling with Storyboarding

Frontmatter
2. Strategic WIS Modelling
Abstract
The chapter is dedicated to the first part of the development method associated with the strategic layer in the abstraction layer model introduced in Chapter 1. As such it emphasises the strategic modelling of web information systems (WIS). This covers first the general characterisation of a WIS by a mission statement and brand, a utilisation space regarded from content, functionality and context angle, a utilisation portfolio addressing the actors involved and their goals and tasks, the utilisation context, and the desired atmosphere, which will impact on layout and playout. Second, the chapter addresses strategic analysis covering linguistic and communication aspects; in particular, word fields, message analysis and metaphors are used in this context.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
3. Storyboarding
Abstract
The chapter is dedicated to the important storyboarding method for WIS associated with the business layer in the abstraction layer model introduced in Chapter 1. The chapter first introduces story spaces and formally defines their syntax and semantics. This leads to scenario modelling, which captures abstractly how users navigate through the WIS, hierarchical modelling of scenes, plots (also called action schemes) emphasising the possible sequencing of actions by the users, and a story algebra emphasising the formal composition of the plots. Story space modelling is extended by adding various details such as pre- and postconditions for actions, conditions for entering or leaving a scene, etc., and alternative representations for for these aspects are presented. Second, the story space is complemented by a thorough discussion of actors, their information portfolios, roles, rights and obligations and user profiling. Finally, tasks in a WIS are investigated.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
4. Semantics and Inferences on Storyboarding ♣
Abstract
The chapter continues the presentation of the storyboarding method from Chapter 3 emphasising content for further, advanced reading. The main focus of the chapter is on the customisation of the storyboard to preferences, goals and deontic constraints. For this a formalisation of plots on grounds of Kleene algebras with test is used, which is then exploited for customisation using a conditional term rewriting approach. A formal proof of the Church-Rosser property of this rewriting approach is conducted. This is extended to capture the effects of deontic constraints and their compatibility with preferences.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
5. Pragmatics of Storyboarding
Abstract
The chapter is dedicated to the storyboarding method associated with the business layer in the abstraction layer model introduced in Chapter 1 emphasising pragmatics, i.e. what the WIS actually means to its users. After a brief discussion of the role of pragmatics first a method for detailed usage analysis with life cases, user models and actor portfolios is presented. This is then taking further to WIS portfolios centred around information needs and demands and leading to content chunks. Finally, an elaborate method for modelling contexts and metaphors used by them is discussed in detail.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
6. Categories of Web Information Systems
Abstract
The purpose of the chapter is to show how the methods for high-level WIS design, i.e. strategic modelling discussed in Chapter 2 and the storyboarding method from Chapters 3 and 5, impact on different categories of web information systems. The main categories investigated in the chapter concern e-business and e-commerce, community and group systems, entertainment and gaming, identity and personal presentation systems, learning and edutainment WIS, and information services. For each of these categories the most important aspects of the methods are discussed and tailored to the specific requirements of the respective category. This concerns branding, linguistic and communication analysis, life cases and actor modelling, and storyboard development.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim

Conceptual WIS Design – Rigorous Modelling of Web Information Systems and Their Layout with Web Interaction Types and Screenography

Frontmatter
7. Web Interaction Types
Abstract
The chapter is dedicated to the presentation of methods for conceptual WIS design associated with the conceptual layer of the abstraction layer model from Chapter 1. The chapter introduces web interaction types in a step-by-step way starting with views on conceptual database models, by means of which the separation of global and local content is achieved. There is no fixation of a particular database model, but the query language used for the definition of views must be capable to generate identifiers and links. How this can be done is shown in general using algebraic and logical formalisms for querying databases with identifier generation. Interaction types result from views by coupling them with operations including a large set of predefined generic operations. In this way the functionality aspect is injected into the conceptual model. Then extensions with respect to adaptivity and granularity are presented, which lead to web interaction types. The adaptivity extension permits the splitting or aggregation of information to avoid information overload, whereas the granularity extension permits different presentation versions, between which users may switch.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
8. Advanced Web Interaction Concepts ♣
Abstract
The chapter continues the presentation of the conceptual model of Web Interaction Types from Chapter 7 emphasising content for further advanced reading. It addresses first various extensions of web interaction types with respect to measuring, ordering, presentation options and contexts. This is followed by a formal discussion of the use of web interaction types beyond content abstraction for single elementary scenes investigating, how web interaction types can be exploited for session support, navigation contexts and collaboration.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
9. Screenography
Abstract
The chapter is dedicated to the methods used for the presentation layer of the abstraction layer model from Chapter 1. It introduces the screenography method for layout and playout of WIS picking up the discussion of the atmosphere of a WIS. In particular, the relation of the atmosphere to colouring schemes and grids, e.g. the Fibonacci grid, partitioning the screen is investigated. This discussion is taken further to cognitive aspects for visual communication, cognition and design, which finally leads to screenography guidelines and mapping of content and functionality fragments from the conceptual model to the layout and playout design.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
10. Adaptation of Presentation to Culture
Abstract
The chapter takes the discussion of presentation in Chapter 9 further emphasising the dependence on culture. The chapter starts with a discussion of cultural aspects and cultural stereotypes as known from research in psychology. This is connected mainly with the understanding of cultural stereotypes in the models of Hofstede and Lewis. The combination of these models is tailored to presentation cultures and exploited in a method for capturing different cultures in screenography leading to detailed guidelines for culture-aware storyboards, content and functionality in conceptual WIS models.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim

Rationale of the Co-Design Methodology and Systematic Development of Web Information Systems

Frontmatter
11. The Co-Design Methodology
Abstract
The chapter is dedicated to co-design as a WIS development methodology. The chapter starts from general principles of co-design originating from research in areas such as data-intensive information systems, service-oriented systems, and distributed systems. In data-intensive systems the local-as-view approach is common for the development requiring the handling of static and dynamic integrity constraints, workflows and view towers. In service-oriented systems co-design stresses task-centration, which adds the decisive aspect of user demand that is very important for WIS. The dual global-as-view approach that is common for the development of distributed, data-intensive systems is further discussed, by means of which aspects of collaboration enter the general picture. Then all these aspects are merged in an integrated co-design approach for WIS, by means of which all the technical content of the previous chapters is merged into a general methodology for WIS development.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
12. Web Information Systems Engineering
Abstract
The chapter places the co-design method for WIS development from Chapter 11 into the context of web engineering. The chapter first discusses the conformity of the method with general software engineering quality frameworks such as SPICE and CMMI. It then continues with the investigation of architecture- and pattern-driven development, and finally illustrates them by taking a glance at the CottbusNet WIS and the underlying design and development decisions. This is rounded up by a discussion of WIS development dimensions.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
13. Systematic Development of Web Information Systems
Abstract
The chapter integrates all previous chapters into a method for systematic WIS development. The reader is taken through steps for application domain description, architecture design, requirements analysis, and system specification with the co-design method. In doing so the chapter links the co-design method with strategic aspects, storyboarding, web interaction types and screenography, and it enhances the method by concrete steps to be applied during the WIS development process.
Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Bernhard Thalheim
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Design and Development of Web Information Systems
verfasst von
Prof. Klaus-Dieter Schewe
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Thalheim
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-662-58824-6
Print ISBN
978-3-662-58822-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58824-6