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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

40. Design of Detection Systems

verfasst von : Robert P. Schifiliti, Richard L. P. Custer, Brian J. Meacham

Erschienen in: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

Fire detection and alarm systems are recognized as key features of a building’s fire prevention and protection strategy. This chapter presents a systematic technique to be used by fire protection engineers in the design and analysis of detection and alarm systems. The majority of discussion is directed toward systems used in buildings. However, many of the techniques and procedures also apply to systems used to protect planes, ships, outside storage yards, and other nonbuilding environments.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Engineering Considerations for Fire Protection System Selection

Nächstes Kapitel Hydraulics

Fire intensity coefficient (Btu/s³ or kW/s²)

Area (m² or ft²)

g/(C_pT_aρ₀) [m⁴/(s²⋅kJ) or ft⁴/(s²⋅Btu)]

Specific heat of detector element [Btu/(lbm⋅R) or kJ/(kg⋅K)]

C p

Specific heat of air [Btu/(lbm⋅R) or kJ/(kg⋅K)]

Diameter of sphere or cylinder (m or ft)

Nondimensional change in gas temperature

Δt

Change in time (s)

ΔT

Increase above ambient in temperature of gas surrounding a detector (°C or °F)

ΔT d

Increase above ambient in temperature of adetector (°C or °F)

ΔT p *

Change in reduced gas temperature

Functional relationship

Gravitational constant (m/s² or ft/s²)

h c

Convective heat transfer coefficient [kW/(m²⋅°C) or Btu/(ft²⋅s⋅°F)]

Ceiling height or height above fire (m or ft)

ΔH c

Heat of combustion (kJ/mol)

H f

Heat of formation (kJ/mol)

L p

Sound pressure level

L W

Sound power level

Mass (lbm or kg)

Positive exponent

\( \dot{q} \)

Heat release rate (Btu/s or kW)

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{q}}}_{\mathbf{cond}} \)

Heat transferred by conduction (Btu/s or kW)

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{q}}}_{\mathbf{conv}} \)

Heat transferred by convection (Btu/s or kW)

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{q}}}_{\mathbf{rad}} \)

Heat transferred by radiation (Btu/s or kW)

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{q}}}_{\mathbf{total}} \)

Total heat transfer (Btu/s or kW)

\( \dot{\boldsymbol{Q}} \)

Heat release rate (Btu/s or kW)

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{Q}}}_{\boldsymbol{cr}} \)

Critical heat release rate

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{Q}}}_{\boldsymbol{do}} \)

Design heat release rate

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{Q}}}_{\boldsymbol{i}} \)

Ideal heat release rate

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{Q}}}_{\boldsymbol{p}} \)

Predicted heat release rate (Btu/s or kW)

\( {\dot{\boldsymbol{Q}}}_{\boldsymbol{T}} \)

Threshold heat release rate at response (Btu/s or kW)

Radial distance from fire plume axis (m or ft)

ρ0

Density of ambient air (kg/m³ or lb/ft³)

Reynolds number

RTI

Response time index (m^1/2⋅s^1/2 or ft^1/2⋅s^1/2)

Spacing of detectors or sprinkler heads (m or ft)

Time (s)

t c

Critical time—time at which fire would reach a heat release rate of 1000 Btu/s (1055 kW) (s)

t r

Response time (s)

t v

Virtual time of origin (s)

t 2f

Arrival time of heat front (for p = 2 power-law fire) at a point r/H (s)

t 2f *

Reduced arrival time of heat front (for p = 2 power-law fire) at a point r/H (s)

t p *

Reduced time

Temperature (°C or °F)

T a

Ambient temperature (°C or °F)

T d

Detector temperature (°C or °F)

T g

Temperature of fire gases (°C or °F)

T s

Rated operating temperature of a detector or sprinkler (°C or °F)

Velocity (m/s)

Instantaneous velocity of fire gases (m/s or ft/s)

u 0

Velocity at which τ₀ was measured (m/s or ft/s)

u p *

Reduced gas velocity

Kinematic viscosity (m²/s or ft²/s)

Vectorial observation point (m or ft)

Defined in Equation 40.26

Detector time constant—mc/(hA) (s)

τ0

Measured at reference velocity u₀ (s)

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Titel: Design of Detection Systems
verfasst von: Robert P. Schifiliti
Richard L. P. Custer
Brian J. Meacham
Verlag: Springer New York
Buch: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2564-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4939-2565-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_40

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