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Population and Environment

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10.11.2018 | Original Paper

Determinants of out-migration in rural China: effects of payments for ecosystem services

verfasst von: Qi Zhang, Richard E. Bilsborrow, Conghe Song, Shiqi Tao, Qingfeng Huang

Erschienen in: Population and Environment | Ausgabe 2/2018

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Abstract

Rural-to-urban migration has been a hallmark of economic development in China and other developing countries and can have profound socio-economic and ecological implications. This study seeks to understand the impacts on this migration of two large payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs implemented by the Chinese Government: the Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (CCFP) and the Ecological Welfare Forest Program (EWFP). The primary goal of these PES programs is environmental conservation with poverty alleviation as the secondary goal. We use a full model of the factors affecting rural out-migration at the individual, household, and community levels to investigate how these PES programs have influenced out-migration in a mountainous rural area of Anhui, China. Results show that the CCFP facilitates out-migration, while the EWFP overall discourages it, thereby somewhat offsetting the effects of the CCFP. Out-migration is also shown to be affected by a number of other individual, household, and community characteristics. The results are useful for designing concurrent PES programs in the future aiming at both environmental conservation and livelihood improvement in not only China but also other developing countries.

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The area unit, mu, is commonly used for cropland in China; 1 mu = 1/15 ha; US$1 = 6.2 Chinese yuan in 2014.

This excludes the “five guaranteed” households that are typically childless elderly without means for self-support. Their basic five aspects of livelihoods (food, clothes, housing, medicine, and end of life expenses) are guaranteed by the community where he/she resides (Shen and Williamson 2010).

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Titel: Determinants of out-migration in rural China: effects of payments for ecosystem services
verfasst von: Qi Zhang
Richard E. Bilsborrow
Conghe Song
Shiqi Tao
Qingfeng Huang
Publikationsdatum: 10.11.2018
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Population and Environment / Ausgabe 2/2018
Print ISSN: 0199-0039
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7810
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-018-0307-5

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