Skip to main content

2015 | Buch

Development Disparities in India

An Enquiry into Convergence

insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This book highlights the development disparities in India and considers three complex areas of development – economic wellbeing, human progress and agricultural development – over a period of forty years since the 1970s. The novelty of the book lies in is its rich analytical foundation and the use of sophisticated statistical and economic tools to determine the causes of socioeconomic disparity between Indian states. The trends of inequality, polarization and disparity are highlighted with regard to income, human development indicators and agricultural production and productivity. The book also identifies the factors underlying divergence in economic and social activity in India and provides policy suggestions for bringing about more balanced and inclusive development in India.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Regional Development in India
Abstract
Uneven regional growth has been a major area of concern to the economic thinkers worldwide, especially in the last quarter of the twentieth century. In spite of introducing the objective of balanced economic development, India is still characterized by wide difference in economic, political, social and regional aspect. After achieving a significant progress in economic growth and human development, it is still categorized as a country with the largest number of poor and destitute in the world. It also accounts for the largest number of illiterates; the largest number of unemployed, the largest number of anemic women and children and high infant/child and maternal mortality. In a country like India, creating a condition for greater economic convergence across the states and skill groups is a big challenge. Under this backdrop, this chapter provides an overview about the nature of development disparities prevailing in a country like India and its associated problems.
Arpita Banerjee, Pravat Kumar Kuri
2. Development Disparities: An Exploration of Past Research
Abstract
Regional economic disparities have now become one of the most important areas of concern both in the developed and developing nations of the world. There is a spurt of literature in the development economies centring on regional disparities dealing with both theoretical and empirical issues. This chapter deals with both the theoretical and empirical literatures in great detail. The empirical literatures explain the empirical observations found on regional disparity across different countries. This chapter explores a repository of past research on regional disparity in a detailed way.
Arpita Banerjee, Pravat Kumar Kuri
3. Regional Disparity in India: A Research Agenda
Abstract
A growth path which is both economically as well as socially equitable is desirable to achieve a paradigm of balanced and inclusive development. This chapter focuses the level of regional development across the states of India over a period of more than 30 years to identify the grim areas which requires immediate public-private interventions for achieving a balanced and sustainable development. The development disparity across the states of India has been examined from three interdependent angles; disparity in the level of income, in the level of human development and in the achievements of agricultural development. This chapter provides the objectives, data sources and various methodologies adopted in this study. It analyses the methodological issues like growth analysis, statistical measures of inequality and polarizations, analysis of convergence, methodologies like panel data analysis-fixed effect method and Generalised method of moments, time series analysis like unit root test, ordered probit analysis etc.
Arpita Banerjee, Pravat Kumar Kuri
4. Regional Inequality and Convergence in Economic Growth in India
Abstract
The accentuation of regional income inequality, particularly during the period of liberalization and globalization in India, has been a major policy concern for Indian policymakers. After nearly 20 years of performance in a neoliberalized environment, the debate continues about whether excessive reliance on market creates development distortion by aggravating inequality. Against this backdrop, this chapter makes a renewed attempt to evaluate the growth performances and the trends and patterns of inequality in the per capita net state domestic product (PCNSDP) of India. This chapter also examines the nature of convergence of PCNSDP of Indian states using panel data framework for a period of nearly 40 years (1970–1971 to 2009–2010).
Arpita Banerjee, Pravat Kumar Kuri
5. Regional Disparity and Convergence in Human Development in India
Abstract
India has been characterized by wide regional variation in the level of human development across states. By constructing a human development index (HDI) using Euclidean distance, this chapter makes an attempt to evaluate the trend and level of inequality in human development across the states of India with respect to 11 socioeconomic indicators. The test of convergence of composite human development index (CHDI) as well as its indicators reveals that the Indian states are converging in terms of the level of human development. Interestingly, polarization in the level of human development shows a tendency to increase along with reducing trend in inequality especially during the period 1981–2001. It is expected that a targeted level of human development can reduce the extent of polarization and thus, can bring out a balanced human development in Indian states.
Arpita Banerjee, Pravat Kumar Kuri
6. Regional Variation and Convergence in Agricultural Development in India
Abstract
This chapter makes an attempt to examine the growth performances of agricultural production and productivity of major states of India and the level of disparity in the performances of agriculture since 1970–1971. This chapter also explores the nature of cropping pattern and the trends of cropping pattern in India over the study period. The growth performances have been analysed considering three distinct phases of agricultural development in India, viz. the first phase of Green Revolution 1970–1971 to 1979–1980, second phase of Green Revolution 1980–1981 to 1990–1991, and the period after economic reform 1991–1992 to 2007–2008. The variability in agricultural output is partly due to the variability in agroclimatic conditions across the states and partly due to the variations in agricultural infrastructure. The agricultural infrastructural index, as constructed using principle component analysis, reveals the prevalence of a wide interstate variation. Moreover, using generalized method of moments (GMM) technique under the panel data framework, this chapter has examined the trends of convergence/divergence of per capita value of agricultural output over the period 1970–1971 to 2007–2008.
Arpita Banerjee, Pravat Kumar Kuri
7. Development Disparity in India: A Sum Up
Abstract
This chapter provides the summary, conclusion and some policy prescriptions about the nature of regional disparity prevailing in India. The study shows, widespread regional disparity prevails in economic development, human development and agricultural performances in India. Regional variation which takes into account both the temporal and spatial disparity shows a concern for a balanced economic and social development for the country. It has been observed that some southern states and group of northern states made remarkable improvement during the period. High growth has been accompanied by the growing levels of inequality and polarization and thus poses problems for equitable and balanced development of the economy. Agricultural sector is found to play an important role behind the observed widespread inequality in per capita income in India. There is a clear trend of divergence in per capita net state domestic product (PCNSDP) and agricultural output especially in the post-liberalization period. The evidence of convergence is observed in human development indices among the states of India. Interestingly, along with the reduction of inequality among the Indian states, there is a tendency of growing polarization in the level of human development. To achieve a balanced human development, it is thus, desirable to take initiatives for the targeted level of human development in the states of India.
Arpita Banerjee, Pravat Kumar Kuri
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Development Disparities in India
verfasst von
Arpita Banerjee
Pravat Kumar Kuri
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Verlag
Springer India
Electronic ISBN
978-81-322-2331-3
Print ISBN
978-81-322-2330-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2331-3