Dictionary of Environmental Engineering and Wastewater Treatment

Frontmatter

A

Abstract

A mine which has been inactive for some considerable time and for which no title is current or where the lease has been cancelled.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

B

Abstract

Benchmark ambient concentration: the concentration of a toxic air contaminant that is used in determining environmental acceptability pursuant to Regulation 5.21 Environmental Acceptability for Toxic Air Contaminants. The benchmark ambient concentration for a carcinogen (BACC) is the concentration, including an averaging time frame, of a toxic air contaminant that is representative of an additional lifetime cancer risk of one in one million (1 × 10⁻⁶). The benchmark ambient concentration for a carcinogen is established pursuant to Regulation 5.20 Methodology for Determining Benchmark Ambient Concentration for a Toxic Air Contaminant, Section 3. The benchmark ambient concentration for the no carcinogenic effects of a toxic air contaminant (BACNC) is the concentration, including an averaging time frame, of a toxic air contaminant that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. The benchmark ambient concentration for the non-carcinogenic effects of a toxic air contaminant is established pursuant to Regulation 5.20 Section 4. A substance can have both, with different values. See Regulation 5.1 for more information.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

C

Abstract

A measure of a material’s ability to allow heat to pass through it. The same as U-Value, but without air film resistances.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

D

Abstract

A DAF Unit or Dissolved Air Flotation Unit is a device that removes suspended matter such as oil or solids, from water, by dissolving air in the water under pressure and then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank or basin.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

E

Abstract

A general term commonly used to describe a range of soil materials. In pedological terms, it is used to describe great soil groups such as Black Earths and Red Earths. The term also refers to gradational soils with an earthy fabric in their B horizons.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

F

Abstract

A cloth device that catches dust particles from industrial emissions.

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G

Abstract

A rectangular wire mesh cage filled with rock, brick or similar material. The components are usually assembled on site, securely tied together, and used in the construction of retaining walls and anti-erosion structures.

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H

Abstract

Habitat is the natural area in which a species or organism is found.

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I

Abstract

Innovative and Alternative. A term defined by the EPA to describe non-conventional technologies. “Alternative systems” are fully proven systems that reclaim or reuse wastewater, productively recycle wastewater components, recover energy, or eliminate the discharge of pollutants. A variety of wastewater treatment systems have been included in the definition, including land treatment, aquaculture, containment ponds, and on-site treatment using small diameter or vacuum sewers.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

J

Abstract

A form of facing applied over insulation. It may be integral with the insulation, or field applied using sheet materials. Jacket is a covering placed over insulation for various functions.

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K

Abstract

Clay material comprising a group of aluminosilicate minerals with a Li crystal lattice structure. They are generally stable clays with low shrink-swell potential and tow cation exchange capacity.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

L

Abstract

The Sound levels exceeding 10%, 50% and 90% of the total time intervals during a particular period are designated as L10, L50 and L90 respectively.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

M

Abstract

Visible at magnifications to 25×.

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N

Abstract

The sheet or curtain of water overflowing a weir or dam. When freely overflowing any given structure, it has a well-defined upper and lower surface.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

O

Abstract

Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in sea water causing a measurable increase in acidity (i.e., a reduction in ocean pH). This may lead to reduced calcification rates of calcifying organisms such as corals, mollusks, algae and crustaceans.

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P

Abstract

This nutrient, which is present in wastewater, acts as a fertilizer for algae in surface waters.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

Q

Abstract

A plot of land selected at random tor the observation or measurement of plants within it. It is used as a sampling technique for the study of the plant population of an area. Such a plot is usually selected by the random throwing of a rigid frame, which is usually square. Quadrats may also be points. Such POINT OUADRATS are observed at regular intervals along a line transect.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

R

Abstract

A unit of measurement of resistance to heat flow in hr. ft2 ° F/BTU.in. (imperial) R-Value is Measure of resistance to heat flow. Insulation materials have tiny pockets of trapped air. These pockets resist the transfer of heat through material. The ability of insulation to slow the transfer of heat is measured in R-values. The higher the R-value, the better the insulation material’s ability to resist the flow of heat through it.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

S

Abstract

The use of an alloy electrode less noble than the structure to which it is connected, to induce galvanic corrosion on the electrode (anode) in preference to that of the structure.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

T

Abstract

Information displayed in tables and charts, approved by a registered professional engineer, and used to design and construct a protective system.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

U

Abstract

Horseshoe-shaped test piece used to detect the susceptibility of a material to stress corrosion cracking.

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V

Abstract

A device for relieving a vacuum or partial vacuum formed in a pipeline, thereby preventing backsiphoning.

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W

Abstract

Horizontal members of a shoring system placed parallel to the excavation face whose sides bear against the vertical members of the shoring system or earth.

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X

Abstract

A method of landscaping that uses plants that are well adapted to the local area and are drought-resistant. Xeriscaping is becoming more popular as a way of saving water at home.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

Y

Abstract

Isolated waste stream consisting of urine collected from specific fixtures and not contaminated by feces or diluted by gray water sources.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

Z

Abstract

Pure air, used for calibrating air monitoring instruments. The EPA requires zero air to have less than 0.1 ppm of hydrocarbons.

Alireza Bahadori, Scott T. Smith

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