John M. Carroll
Dana S. Kay
Abstract
The recent technical literature abounds with a variety of studies documenting and analyzing the problems people encounter in learning to use contemporary computer equipment. This has been a major focus of the recent work in our laboratory ([6], [9]). The project such work must entrain is the development of design approaches to these problems. We have been and are developing alternate designs for training manuals and for in-system training ([2], [4], [5], [7]).
This paper is a report of work in progress in this area. We describe a design approach to in-system training referred to as the Scenario Machine, and describe some initial results from an empirical learning study of four scenario machines.
- 1 Carroll, J.M. Designing MINIMALIST training material. Datamation, November 1, 1984, 30/18, 125-136.Google Scholar
- 2 Carroll, J.M. and Carrithers, C. Training wheels in a user interface. Communications of the ACM, 1984, 2 7, 800-806. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 3 Carroll, J.M. and Carrithers, C. Blocking learner errors in a training wheels system. Human Factors, 1984, 26, 377-389.Google ScholarCross Ref
- 4 Carroll, J.M., Ford, J.R., Smith-Kerker, P.A., and Mazur, S.A. Learning to use a word processor with the Minimal Manual. Psychonomics Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio TX, November 1984.Google Scholar
- 5 Carroll, J.M., Mack, R.L., Lewis, C.H., Grischkowsky, N.L., and Robertson, S.R. Learning to use a word processor by guided exploration. IBM Research Report, R C 10428, 1984 (submitted to Human-Computer Interaction).Google Scholar
- 6 Carroll, J.M. and Mazur, S.A. Learning to use an office system with an on-line tutorial. IBM Research Report, R C 10644, 1984 (submitted to IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics).Google Scholar
- 7 Galambos, J.A., Sebrechts, M.M., Wikler, E., and Black, J.B. A diagrammatic language for instruction of a menu-based word processing system. In S. Williams (Ed.) Humans and machines: The interface through language. Abtex: Norwood, NJ, 1984.Google Scholar
- 8 Hillen, J.R.C. Comparison of four different self-paced manuals. IBM Hursley Human Factors Laboratory, HF04 7, 1981.Google Scholar
- 9 Mack, R.L., Lewis, C.H., and Carroll, J.M. Learning to use office systems: Problems and prospects. ,4 CM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 1983, 1, 254-271. Google ScholarDigital Library
- 10 Mayer, R.E.Elaboration techniques for technical text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980, 72, 770-784.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Prompting, feedback and error correction in the design of a scenario machine
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