1 Introduction
-
RQ1 What kind of additional information we can provide to the credit assignment technique for a more “aware” calculation of the reward and does this information effectively help to improve the prediction ability of the algorithm?
-
RQ2 What technique would be useful to handle such data and to select the most suitable operator in such a dynamic environment? Would the prediction ability of the technique be better than that of MAENS*? Would the use of this technique improve the optimization ability of MAENS*?
-
An ensemble of four different online fitness landscape analysis techniques, performed during the execution of the MAENS* algorithm in order to give a more accurate description of the current population (RQ1).
-
A credit assignment technique based on the use of a online learning algorithm to predict the reward of the most suitable operator (RQ2).
-
Two different reward measures are studied: one based on the survival ability of the offspring and another one based on the analysis of their diversity.
2 Background
2.1 MAENS*
2.2 Capacitated arc routing problem
2.3 Recombination operators for CARP
2.3.1 Greedy sequence-based crossover (GSBX)
2.3.2 Greedy route crossover (GRX)
2.3.3 Pivot-based crossover (PBX)
2.3.4 Shortest path-based crossover (SPBX)
3 Adaptive operator selection
3.1 Credit assignment
3.1.1 Proportional reward (PR)
3.1.2 Diversity-based reward (DBR)
3.2 Operator selection rule (OSR)
3.2.1 Instantaneous reward (IR)
3.2.2 Concurrent strategy (CS)
4 Online fitness landscape analysis
4.1 Accumulated escape probability
4.2 Dispersion metric
4.3 Average neutrality ratio and \(\Delta \)-fitness
5 Online learning
5.1 DWM for regression tasks
6 MAENS*-II
6.1 Improvements on local search efficiency
Combination | Operator selection rule | Reward measure |
---|---|---|
a
| Concurrent strategy | Diversity-based reward |
b
| Concurrent strategy | Proportional reward |
c
| Instantaneous reward | Proportional reward |
Instance | |V| | |R| | |E| | BK | Instance | |V| | |R| | |E| | BK |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 69 | 79 | 98 | 1590 | e3-C | 77 | 87 | 98 | 10,163 |
C10 | 60 | 55 | 82 | 2190 | e4-A | 77 | 98 | 98 | 6408 |
C11 | 83 | 94 | 118 | 1725 | e4-B | 77 | 98 | 98 | 8884 |
C15 | 97 | 107 | 140 | 1765 | e4-C | 77 | 98 | 98 | 11,427 |
C18 | 93 | 121 | 133 | 2315 | S1-B | 140 | 75 | 190 | 6384 |
C5 | 56 | 65 | 79 | 2410 | S2-A | 140 | 147 | 190 | 9824 |
C6 | 38 | 51 | 55 | 855 | S2-B | 140 | 147 | 190 | 12,968 |
C9 | 76 | 97 | 117 | 1775 | s2-C | 140 | 147 | 190 | 16,353 |
D1 | 69 | 79 | 98 | 725 | s3-A | 140 | 159 | 190 | 10,143 |
D11 | 83 | 94 | 118 | 920 | s3-B | 140 | 159 | 190 | 13,616 |
D21 | 60 | 76 | 84 | 695 | s3-C | 140 | 159 | 190 | 17,100 |
D23 | 78 | 92 | 109 | 715 | s4-A | 140 | 190 | 190 | 12,143 |
D7 | 54 | 52 | 70 | 735 | s4-B | 140 | 190 | 190 | 16,093 |
D8 | 66 | 63 | 88 | 615 | s4-C | 140 | 190 | 190 | 20,375 |
E1 | 73 | 85 | 105 | 1855 | F1 | 73 | 85 | 105 | 1065 |
E11 | 80 | 94 | 113 | 1810 | F11 | 80 | 94 | 113 | 1015 |
E12 | 74 | 67 | 103 | 1580 | F12 | 74 | 67 | 103 | 900 |
E15 | 85 | 107 | 126 | 1555 | F14 | 53 | 55 | 72 | 1025 |
E19 | 77 | 66 | 103 | 1400 | F19 | 77 | 66 | 103 | 685 |
E21 | 57 | 72 | 82 | 1700 | F24 | 97 | 86 | 142 | 975 |
E23 | 93 | 89 | 130 | 1395 | F4 | 70 | 77 | 99 | 930 |
E5 | 68 | 61 | 94 | 2130 | F7 | 73 | 50 | 94 | 1080 |
E9 | 93 | 103 | 141 | 2160 | F9 | 93 | 103 | 141 | 1145 |
e1-B | 77 | 51 | 98 | 4498 | val4D | 41 | 69 | 69 | 526 |
e2-B | 77 | 72 | 98 | 6305 | val5D | 34 | 65 | 65 | 573 |
e3-B | 77 | 87 | 98 | 7704 | val8C | 30 | 63 | 63 | 518 |
val10D | 50 | 97 | 97 | 525 | |||||
EGL-G1-A | 255 | 347 | 375 | 970,495 | EGL-G2-A | 255 | 375 | 375 | 1,061,103 |
EGL-G1-B | 255 | 347 | 375 | 1,085,097 | EGL-G2-B | 255 | 375 | 375 | 1,173,286 |
EGL-G1-C | 255 | 347 | 375 | 1,201,030 | EGL-G2-C | 255 | 375 | 375 | 1,295,036 |
EGL-G1-D | 255 | 347 | 375 | 1,325,317 | EGL-G2-D | 255 | 375 | 375 | 1,430,267 |
EGL-G1-E | 255 | 347 | 375 | 1,461,469 | EGL-G2-E | 255 | 375 | 375 | 1,557,159 |
Name | Description | Value |
---|---|---|
MAENS* parameters | ||
psize | Population size | 30 |
ubtrial | Maximum attempts to generate a solution | 50 |
opsize | Size of the offspring during each generation | 6*psize |
Parent selection | Crossover parent selection strategy | Random selection |
\(P_{ls}\)
| Probability of performing the local search | 0.2 |
pMS | Routes selected during MergeSplit | 2 |
\(G_{\max }\)
| Maximum generations | 500 |
\(\mathrm{SR}_{r1}\)
| Probability of sorting solutions using diversity | 0.25 |
\(\mathrm{SR}_{r2}\)
| Probability of sorting solutions using fitness | 0.70 |
MAENS*-II parameters | ||
p
| Expert removal period | 5 |
\(\beta \)
| Decrease factor for expert weights | 0.75 |
\(\tau \)
| Expert weight reduction threshold | 0.05 |
\(\theta \)
| Threshold for expert removal | 0.05 |
t
| Threshold for expert creation | 0.10 |
\(\psi \)
| Control parameter for concurrent strategy | 0.002 |
7 Experimental studies
GSBX | GRX | PBX | SPBX | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dataset A | ||||
Fitness | 18 | 14 | 14 | 12 |
Violation | 17 | 12 | 13 | 16 |
Diversity | 17 | 16 | 11 | 16 |
Parent distance | 16 | 12 | 13 | 15 |
Dataset B | ||||
Fitness | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Violation | 3 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
Diversity | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Parent distance | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
7.1 Single operator scenario
inst | GSBX | GRX | PBX | SPBX | best | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
avg | std | best | avg | std | best | avg | std | best | avg | std | best | avg | |
C01 | 4175.33 | 26.80 | 4150 | 4159.00 | 14.80 | 4150 | 4151.67 | 4.53 | 4150 | 4153.17 | 7.13 | 4150 | 4151.67 |
C05 | 5373.75 | 15.29 | 5365 | 5366.00 | 2.00 | 5365 | 5366.50 | 2.29 | 5365 | 5367.50 | 2.50 | 5365 | 5366.00 |
C06 | 2545.75 | 4.82 | 2535 | 2537.50 | 4.61 | 2535 | 2541.00 | 4.90 | 2535 | 2540.33 | 4.99 | 2535 | 2537.50 |
C09 | 5274.92 | 19.27 | 5260 | 5281.17 | 19.57 | 5260 | 5262.83 | 9.97 | 5260 | 5263.33 | 9.52 | 5260 | 5262.83 |
C10 | 4709.42 | 16.26 | 4700 | 4709.00 | 12.21 | 4700 | 4712.33 | 10.14 | 4700 | 4703.33 | 7.45 | 4700 | 4703.33 |
C11 | 4648.58 | 16.33 | 4640 | 4643.17 | 3.29 | 4640 | 4641.33 | 2.21 | 4640 | 4641.50 | 3.20 | 4630 | 4641.33 |
C15 | 4964.42 | 16.43 | 4940 | 4946.83 | 10.76 | 4940 | 4946.50 | 5.19 | 4940 | 4946.33 | 4.27 | 4940 | 4946.33 |
C18 | 5639.83 | 9.83 | 5620 | 5642.17 | 6.28 | 5620 | 5635.00 | 8.37 | 5620 | 5640.17 | 9.26 | 5620 | 5635.00 |
D01 | 3225.00 | 9.04 | 3215 | 3235.00 | 0.00 | 3235 | 3230.83 | 5.01 | 3215 | 3229.67 | 6.45 | 3215 | 3225.00 |
D07 | 3115.83 | 2.76 | 3115 | 3115.33 | 1.80 | 3115 | 3115.00 | 0.00 | 3115 | 3115.67 | 2.49 | 3115 | 3115.00 |
D08 | 3052.83 | 4.12 | 3045 | 3058.00 | 10.38 | 3045 | 3045.67 | 2.49 | 3045 | 3047.67 | 4.42 | 3045 | 3045.67 |
D11 | 3761.08 | 3.17 | 3760 | 3760.33 | 3.14 | 3755 | 3760.83 | 2.27 | 3755 | 3760.17 | 3.76 | 3745 | 3760.17 |
D21 | 3058.33 | 3.25 | 3050 | 3056.67 | 2.98 | 3050 | 3059.83 | 2.41 | 3050 | 3060.00 | 2.24 | 3055 | 3056.67 |
D23 | 3171.17 | 11.74 | 3140 | 3158.17 | 8.51 | 3145 | 3187.17 | 10.30 | 3155 | 3177.50 | 10.47 | 3145 | 3158.17 |
E01 | 4916.83 | 5.84 | 4910 | 4910.33 | 1.25 | 4910 | 4912.00 | 3.32 | 4910 | 4912.67 | 4.23 | 4910 | 4910.33 |
E05 | 4623.33 | 21.67 | 4585 | 4623.33 | 27.34 | 4585 | 4607.33 | 19.09 | 4585 | 4608.67 | 18.39 | 4585 | 4607.33 |
E09 | 5855.33 | 25.00 | 5820 | 5838.83 | 23.55 | 5810 | 5836.50 | 19.88 | 5815 | 5832.67 | 17.83 | 5810 | 5832.67 |
E11 | 4697.25 | 24.91 | 4660 | 4671.67 | 4.35 | 4670 | 4675.00 | 11.25 | 4670 | 4678.33 | 12.67 | 4670 | 4671.67 |
E12 | 4228.50 | 17.28 | 4190 | 4209.33 | 19.09 | 4190 | 4200.67 | 11.95 | 4190 | 4201.83 | 9.79 | 4195 | 4200.67 |
E15 | 4220.67 | 7.04 | 4205 | 4215.00 | 6.06 | 4210 | 4221.50 | 5.19 | 4210 | 4220.00 | 6.19 | 4210 | 4215.00 |
E19 | 3244.17 | 2.76 | 3235 | 3239.33 | 4.96 | 3235 | 3244.67 | 1.80 | 3235 | 3243.83 | 3.08 | 3235 | 3239.33 |
E21 | 3733.50 | 2.29 | 3730 | 3731.33 | 2.21 | 3730 | 3734.50 | 1.50 | 3730 | 3734.00 | 2.00 | 3730 | 3731.33 |
E23 | 3718.83 | 5.87 | 3715 | 3715.17 | 1.57 | 3710 | 3715.33 | 1.80 | 3710 | 3717.33 | 2.81 | 3710 | 3715.17 |
egl-e1-B | 4512.47 | 12.04 | 4498 | 4504.87 | 10.94 | 4498 | 4503.03 | 8.78 | 4498 | 4501.77 | 8.41 | 4498 | 4501.77 |
egl-e2-B | 6328.65 | 11.75 | 6317 | 6321.93 | 8.68 | 6317 | 6322.60 | 6.03 | 6317 | 6327.10 | 10.19 | 6317 | 6321.93 |
egl-e3-B | 7792.07 | 15.71 | 7775 | 7780.90 | 9.45 | 7775 | 7784.97 | 8.83 | 7777 | 7782.57 | 4.96 | 7777 | 7780.90 |
egl-e3-C | 10328.18 | 19.82 | 10292 | 10324.73 | 16.07 | 10305 | 10315.87 | 17.93 | 10292 | 10310.67 | 16.24 | 10292 | 10310.67 |
egl-e4-A | 6464.97 | 5.39 | 6444 | 6464.23 | 4.26 | 6461 | 6463.47 | 3.00 | 6456 | 6463.90 | 1.83 | 6461 | 6463.47 |
egl-e4-B | 9021.28 | 17.37 | 8988 | 9059.70 | 25.38 | 8988 | 9024.40 | 15.16 | 8998 | 9013.10 | 14.09 | 8988 | 9013.10 |
egl-e4-C | 12032.60 | 1047.53 | 11559 | 11593.13 | 22.87 | 11554 | 11586.40 | 18.91 | 11539 | 11584.97 | 25.66 | 11543 | 11584.97 |
egl-s1-B | 6415.70 | 21.28 | 6388 | 6405.50 | 19.41 | 6388 | 6393.17 | 2.48 | 6388 | 6399.43 | 13.95 | 6388 | 6393.17 |
egl-s2-A | 9942.62 | 26.54 | 9895 | 9949.67 | 24.62 | 9890 | 9929.37 | 23.69 | 9889 | 9939.50 | 27.44 | 9889 | 9929.37 |
egl-s2-B | 13201.76 | 35.16 | 13144 | 13244.63 | 90.51 | 13137 | 13163.57 | 30.84 | 13103 | 13181.60 | 29.65 | 13122 | 13163.57 |
egl-s2-C | 16500.12 | 42.51 | 16430 | 16480.80 | 39.54 | 16430 | 16456.77 | 17.46 | 16430 | 16462.37 | 27.46 | 16430 | 16456.77 |
egl-s3-A | 10298.59 | 31.43 | 10221 | 10305.10 | 45.56 | 10242 | 10284.60 | 25.31 | 10233 | 10300.73 | 25.47 | 10253 | 10284.60 |
egl-s3-B | 13847.47 | 60.89 | 13713 | 13906.90 | 50.92 | 13771 | 13792.63 | 40.81 | 13713 | 13815.87 | 61.71 | 13707 | 13792.63 |
egl-s3-C | 17317.86 | 38.59 | 17209 | 17290.47 | 41.79 | 17197 | 17292.90 | 39.24 | 17242 | 17287.70 | 37.00 | 17221 | 17287.70 |
egl-s4-A | 12409.36 | 41.76 | 12296 | 12438.10 | 33.13 | 12389 | 12367.40 | 38.27 | 12315 | 12399.70 | 34.21 | 12316 | 12367.40 |
egl-s4-B | 16448.97 | 43.34 | 16316 | 16499.40 | 45.08 | 16430 | 16384.27 | 43.71 | 16292 | 16405.10 | 40.22 | 16329 | 16384.27 |
egl-s4-C | 25200.21 | 2151.47 | 20781 | 22201.00 | 143.44 | 21792 | 20801.63 | 103.60 | 20601 | 20796.70 | 112.85 | 20584 | 20796.70 |
F01 | 4046.81 | 3.04 | 4040 | 4047.00 | 3.32 | 4040 | 4047.50 | 3.10 | 4040 | 4046.67 | 3.50 | 4040 | 4046.67 |
F04 | 3499.47 | 5.10 | 3485 | 3500.17 | 3.76 | 3495 | 3498.83 | 5.43 | 3485 | 3500.50 | 5.06 | 3485 | 3498.83 |
F07 | 3347.73 | 33.33 | 3335 | 3338.33 | 17.95 | 3335 | 3338.33 | 17.95 | 3335 | 3355.00 | 40.00 | 3335 | 3338.33 |
F09 | 4750.71 | 9.95 | 4730 | 4743.00 | 7.48 | 4730 | 4751.67 | 12.20 | 4730 | 4753.83 | 10.70 | 4740 | 4743.00 |
F11 | 3850.38 | 13.65 | 3835 | 3845.83 | 11.91 | 3835 | 3839.83 | 6.89 | 3835 | 3844.83 | 10.99 | 3835 | 3839.83 |
F12 | 3416.14 | 28.91 | 3395 | 3450.33 | 21.21 | 3395 | 3423.67 | 22.10 | 3395 | 3410.17 | 16.71 | 3395 | 3410.17 |
F14 | 3339.29 | 11.03 | 3330 | 3349.33 | 18.25 | 3330 | 3349.00 | 6.88 | 3340 | 3359.33 | 14.13 | 3330 | 3339.29 |
F19 | 2553.97 | 9.38 | 2525 | 2531.17 | 10.46 | 2525 | 2565.33 | 9.21 | 2545 | 2564.83 | 12.88 | 2525 | 2531.17 |
F24 | 3234.38 | 11.30 | 3215 | 3230.17 | 13.01 | 3210 | 3245.50 | 7.89 | 3225 | 3244.17 | 6.20 | 3220 | 3230.17 |
val10D | 531.47 | 1.79 | 528 | 532.73 | 1.26 | 530 | 530.73 | 1.18 | 528 | 530.50 | 1.52 | 528 | 530.50 |
val4D | 532.03 | 3.01 | 530 | 531.63 | 2.44 | 530 | 530.27 | 0.85 | 530 | 530.00 | 0.00 | 530 | 530.00 |
val5D | 583.37 | 1.83 | 579 | 586.80 | 3.53 | 578 | 581.87 | 2.38 | 575 | 583.60 | 2.42 | 579 | 581.87 |
val8C | 524.37 | 1.96 | 521 | 526.80 | 1.08 | 525 | 524.50 | 1.84 | 521 | 525.00 | 1.83 | 521 | 524.37 |
GRX | PBX | SPBX | GSBX | PBX | SPBX | GSBX | GRX | SPBX | GSBX | GRX | PBX | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\#\)
| 26 | 31 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 31 | 26 | 7 | 24 | 27 | 7 | |
W
| 8 | 6 | 5 | 18 | 8 | 13 | 25 | 18 | 3 | 19 | 14 | 4 | |
p
| 0.126 | 0.0004 | 0.0021 | 0.126 | 0.1738 | 0.3524 | 0.0004 | 0.1738 | – | 0.0021 | 0.3524 | – | |
pBest |
\(<\)0.001 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.007 |
inst | GSBX | GRX | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
avg | std | best | avg | std | best | |
EGL-G1-A | 983,408.50 | 3866.28 | 974,054 | 979,095.97 | 4718.81 | 968,747 |
EGL-G1-B | 1,091,041.60 | 5539.83 | 1,081,857 | 1,094,405.97 | 7413.40 | 1,079,590 |
EGL-G1-C | 1,213,921.77 | 5924.27 | 1,198,728 | 1,212,862.87 | 7906.85 | 1,198,393 |
EGL-G1-D | 1,337,645.60 | 6620.72 | 1,322,885 | 1,336,158.93 | 6527.20 | 1,326,125 |
EGL-G1-E | 1,473,433.10 | 5394.11 | 1,461,472 | 1,472,399.20 | 6338.61 | 1,461,155 |
EGL-G2-A | 1,107,790.40 | 5057.72 | 1,099,946 | 1,138,050.43 | 10215.79 | 1,110,914 |
EGL-G2-B | 1,225,440.43 | 5982.44 | 1,214,762 | 1,255,569.68 | 16865.83 | 1,224,099 |
EGL-G2-C | 1,359,221.30 | 3798.77 | 1,349,981 | 1,404,364.32 | 10734.40 | 1,369,046 |
EGL-G2-D | 1,497,934.97 | 6544.95 | 1,486,595 | 1,563,310.77 | 5689.30 | 1,552,126 |
EGL-G2-E | 1,641,472.67 | 8022.86 | 1,626,564 | 1,713,877.53 | 8561.59 | 1,687,159 |
GRX | PBX | SPBX | GSBX | PBX | SPBX | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\#\)
| 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 7 |
W
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
PBX | SPBX | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
avg | std | best | avg | std | best | |
EGL-G1-A | 980,746.30 | 5681.29 | 970,911 |
978,411.33
| 4308.05 | 969,682 |
EGL-G1-B | 1,087,682.37 | 5542.29 | 1,074,857 |
1,087,255.93
| 4986.75 | 1,079,899 |
EGL-G1-C |
1,208,196.23
| 5138.15 | 1,198,557 | 1,210,928.20 | 5972.77 | 1,202,072 |
EGL-G1-D |
1,330,286.83
| 6554.80 | 1,321,271 | 1,333,503.57 | 6436.41 | 1,324,605 |
EGL-G1-E |
1,462,940.17
| 5293.51 | 1,452,158 | 1,467,270.13 | 5003.86 | 1,458,893 |
EGL-G2-A |
1,104,884.20
| 3252.86 | 1,099,756 | 1,105,976.47 | 3662.89 | 1,098,458 |
EGL-G2-B | 1,221,379.87 | 3586.68 | 1,213,622 |
1,220,895.90
| 4180.51 | 1,212,440 |
EGL-G2-C |
1,351,635.77
| 5294.39 | 1,343,015 | 1,354,111.13 | 5087.04 | 1,343,399 |
EGL-G2-D |
1,490,662.50
| 4435.48 | 1,484,014 | 1,492,414.43 | 4495.21 | 1,484,208 |
EGL-G2-E | 1,635,578.87 | 4851.51 | 1,623,322 |
1,634,917.43
| 5199.54 | 1,623,417 |
GSBX | GRX | SPBX | GSBX | GRX | PBX | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\#\)
| 7 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 1 |
W
| 7 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
inst | MAENS* | MAENS*IIrw | Oracle | Random | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
avg | std | best | avg | std | best | avg | std | best | avg | std | best | |
C01 | 4161.67 | 19.38 | 4150 | 4158.67 | 13.16 | 4150 | 4155.33 | 13.03 | 4150 | 4164.67 | 18.48 | 4150 |
C05 | 5366 | 10.95 | 5365 | 5378.33 | 18.36 | 5365 | 5365 | 0 | 5365 | 5366.17 | 2.11 | 5365 |
C06 | 2542 | 25.1 | 2535 | 2545.17 | 3.98 | 2535 | 2536.67 | 3.73 | 2535 | 2541.33 | 4.82 | 2535 |
C09 | 5270 | 91.65 | 5260 | 5280.33 | 20.41 | 5260 | 5269 | 15.08 | 5260 | 5272.83 | 17.01 | 5260 |
C10 | 4702.17 | 6.54 | 4700 | 4707.33 | 11.53 | 4700 | 4700.67 | 3.59 | 4700 | 4702.17 | 6.54 | 4700 |
C11 | 4641.33 | 3.14 | 4630 | 4657 | 27.37 | 4640 | 4640.17 | 2.41 | 4630 | 4642.33 | 2.49 | 4640 |
C15 | 4946.17 | 7.38 | 4940 | 4964.17 | 15.76 | 4940 | 4947 | 9.27 | 4940 | 4946.17 | 3.80 | 4940 |
C18 | 5638.67 | 7.74 | 5620 | 5642.17 | 6.91 | 5625 | 5636.17 | 7.82 | 5625 | 5638.33 | 10.03 | 5620 |
D01 | 3232.83 | 4.02 | 3215 | 3224.83 | 8.99 | 3215 | 3229.5 | 6.87 | 3215 | 3231.17 | 5.87 | 3215 |
D07 | 3115 | 0 | 3115 | 3116.33 | 3.4 | 3115 | 3115 | 0 | 3115 | 3115 | 0 | 3115 |
D08 | 3045.67 | 2.49 | 3045 | 3052 | 4.58 | 3045 | 3045.67 | 2.49 | 3045 | 3046.33 | 3.40 | 3045 |
D11 | 3761.5 | 3.91 | 3760 | 3762.67 | 6.42 | 3745 | 3759.67 | 4.99 | 3745 | 3760.17 | 2.41 | 3750 |
D21 | 3059.83 | 5.24 | 3050 | 3063.67 | 11.47 | 3055 | 3055.17 | 3.98 | 3050 | 3058.17 | 3.02 | 3050 |
D23 | 3164.83 | 12.28 | 3135 | 3167.83 | 12.23 | 3140 | 3153.17 | 8.51 | 3135 | 3165.83 | 14.55 | 3140 |
E01 | 4911.17 | 2.11 | 4910 | 4916 | 6.11 | 4910 | 4910.5 | 1.5 | 4910 | 4910.83 | 2.27 | 4910 |
E05 | 4606.67 | 22.34 | 4585 | 4621.5 | 21.57 | 4585 | 4612 | 24.17 | 4585 | 4605.83 | 22.10 | 4585 |
E09 | 5837 | 21.16 | 5815 | 5851.33 | 25.26 | 5815 | 5835.83 | 21.26 | 5815 | 5840.17 | 22.49 | 5810 |
E11 | 4677 | 13.52 | 4655 | 4698 | 25.68 | 4670 | 4673.83 | 7.71 | 4665 | 4678.83 | 12.23 | 4670 |
E12 | 4202.33 | 13.15 | 4180 | 4226 | 17.63 | 4195 | 4204.5 | 11.5 | 4190 | 4203.67 | 11.32 | 4190 |
E15 | 4217.5 | 6.68 | 4205 | 4223.67 | 5.91 | 4210 | 4214.5 | 6.24 | 4205 | 4217.67 | 6.02 | 4210 |
E19 | 3242.67 | 4.23 | 3235 | 3244.67 | 1.8 | 3235 | 3238.33 | 4.71 | 3235 | 3242 | 4.58 | 3235 |
E21 | 3733 | 2.45 | 3730 | 3732.67 | 2.49 | 3730 | 3730.67 | 1.7 | 3730 | 3733.17 | 2.41 | 3730 |
E23 | 3715.5 | 1.5 | 3715 | 3720.5 | 7.34 | 3715 | 3714 | 2 | 3710 | 3716 | 2.71 | 3710 |
e1-B | 4501.2 | 8.33 | 4498 | 4509.17 | 11.68 | 4498 | 4502.6 | 8.5 | 4498 | 4500.80 | 7.44 | 4498 |
e2-B | 6323.67 | 9.58 | 6317 | 6329.83 | 13.35 | 6317 | 6320.37 | 6.36 | 6317 | 6324.17 | 8.96 | 6317 |
e3-B | 7780.43 | 5.91 | 7775 | 7790.47 | 11.23 | 7777 | 7783.93 | 11.61 | 7775 | 7778.43 | 3.22 | 7775 |
e3-C | 10,317.6 | 18.45 | 10,292 | 10,323.6 | 20.38 | 10,292 | 10,316.63 | 18.86 | 10,292 | 10,313.07 | 15.52 | 10,292 |
e4-A | 6462.5 | 3.04 | 6450 | 6464.07 | 5.39 | 6446 | 6462.77 | 2.58 | 6456 | 6462.13 | 5.20 | 6446 |
e4-B | 9022.5 | 16.39 | 8988 | 9023.47 | 16.23 | 8992 | 9011.2 | 11.79 | 8993 | 9032.60 | 15.95 | 8999 |
e4-C | 11,592.53 | 32.82 | 11,538 | 11,602.8 | 31.64 | 11,550 | 11,610.13 | 41.31 | 11,554 | 11,593.50 | 21.02 | 11,555 |
s1-B | 6399.9 | 16.38 | 6388 | 6407.3 | 19.35 | 6388 | 6399.7 | 14.5 | 6388 | 6399.87 | 15.42 | 6388 |
s2-A | 9931.63 | 26.62 | 9889 | 9943.43 | 32.78 | 9889 | 9928.37 | 27.01 | 9885 | 9933.97 | 29.35 | 9889 |
s2-B | 13,179.07 | 26.11 | 13,124 | 13,217.13 | 44.41 | 13,159 | 13,179.2 | 29.61 | 13,124 | 13,181.57 | 32.72 | 13,125 |
s2-C | 16,510.1 | 43.05 | 16,430 | 16,516.03 | 46.02 | 16,430 | 16,498 | 41.64 | 16,433 | 16,512.27 | 39.21 | 16,442 |
s3-A | 10,282.63 | 29.41 | 10,221 | 10,293.87 | 29.07 | 10,242 | 10,276.5 | 26.39 | 10,221 | 10,288.63 | 28.17 | 10,243 |
s3-B | 13,820.13 | 57.75 | 13,736 | 13,874.37 | 59.29 | 13,736 | 13,823.37 | 60.51 | 13,750 | 13,818.93 | 62.17 | 13,714 |
s3-C | 17,289.73 | 42.75 | 17,220 | 17,325.9 | 46.56 | 17,237 | 17,296.1 | 33.42 | 17,249 | 17,286.87 | 32.29 | 17,215 |
s4-A | 12,400.87 | 47.91 | 12,283 | 12,403.37 | 47.36 | 12,316 | 12,382.93 | 41.71 | 12,304 | 12,407.07 | 31.77 | 12,305 |
s4-B | 16,421.17 | 50.46 | 16,325 | 16,454.3 | 42.73 | 16,351 | 16,414.67 | 47.18 | 16,344 | 16,435.90 | 33.33 | 16,334 |
s4-C | 21,047.97 | 174.66 | 20,758 | 21,065.8 | 166.32 | 20,702 | 21,117.7 | 327.1 | 20,745 | 20,955.50 | 181.04 | 20,611 |
F01 | 4046.83 | 2.73 | 4040 | 4046.43 | 2.54 | 4040 | 4044.5 | 3.73 | 4040 | 4046.17 | 3.34 | 4040 |
F04 | 3498.67 | 3.64 | 3485 | 3499.67 | 5.31 | 3485 | 3496.17 | 3.8 | 3485 | 3499 | 4.16 | 3485 |
F07 | 3335 | 0 | 3335 | 3345 | 30 | 3335 | 3345 | 30 | 3335 | 3341.67 | 24.94 | 3335 |
F09 | 4746 | 11.79 | 4730 | 4750.53 | 12.34 | 4730 | 4742 | 8.12 | 4730 | 4746.67 | 10.83 | 4730 |
F11 | 3850 | 11.11 | 3835 | 3846.97 | 13.56 | 3835 | 3841 | 6.88 | 3835 | 3851.50 | 12.12 | 3835 |
F12 | 3410 | 23.42 | 3395 | 3425.7 | 32.32 | 3395 | 3402.33 | 13.09 | 3395 | 3412.17 | 16.82 | 3395 |
F14 | 3342.33 | 12.23 | 3330 | 3340.83 | 13.17 | 3330 | 3338 | 13.52 | 3330 | 3344.33 | 12.16 | 3330 |
F19 | 2535.17 | 9.35 | 2525 | 2537.67 | 8.73 | 2525 | 2526.67 | 3.73 | 2525 | 2544.67 | 12.78 | 2525 |
F24 | 3234.33 | 8.63 | 3215 | 3232 | 9.36 | 3215 | 3225.5 | 11.28 | 3210 | 3239.33 | 9.64 | 3220 |
val10D | 530.6 | 1.23 | 528 | 532.13 | 1.65 | 530 | 529.9 | 1.08 | 528 | 531.03 | 1.35 | 528 |
val4D | 530.13 | 0.72 | 530 | 530.77 | 2.04 | 530 | 530.23 | 0.76 | 530 | 530.37 | 1.17 | 530 |
val5D | 583.13 | 2.06 | 579 | 583.97 | 3.42 | 577 | 581.93 | 2.69 | 577 | 583.57 | 2.29 | 579 |
val8C | 524.63 | 1.76 | 521 | 524.23 | 2.49 | 521 | 523.37 | 1.76 | 521 | 524.93 | 1.77 | 521 |
MII*a | MII*b | MII*c | M*IIc | M*IIa | M*IIb | M*IIa | M*IIb | M*IIc | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\#\)
| 4 | 2 | 4 | 36 | 19 | 18 | 8 | 8 | 4 | |||
W
| 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
inst | MAENS*-IIa | MAENS*-IIb | MAENS*-IIc | best | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
avg | std | best | avg | std | best | avg | std | best | avg | |
C01 | 4159.50 | 17.53 | 4150 | 4156.50 | 12.66 | 4150 | 4160.00 | 17.75 | 4150 | 4151.67 |
C05 | 5367.17 | 3.34 | 5365 | 5366.83 | 2.41 | 5365 | 5369.00 | 5.83 | 5365 | 5366.00 |
C06 | 2540.00 | 5.00 | 2535 | 2539.67 | 4.99 | 2535 | 2541.00 | 4.90 | 2535 | 2537.50 |
C09 | 5268.00 | 16.00 | 5260 | 5261.67 | 7.23 | 5260 | 5264.00 | 10.12 | 5260 | 5262.83 |
C10 | 4707.33 | 9.64 | 4700 | 4704.17 | 8.37 | 4700 | 4705.17 | 9.53 | 4700 | 4703.33 |
C11 | 4641.33 | 3.14 | 4630 | 4641.50 | 2.29 | 4640 | 4642.33 | 2.49 | 4640 | 4641.33 |
C15 | 4944.67 | 7.74 | 4940 | 4945.50 | 4.72 | 4940 | 4946.00 | 7.57 | 4940 | 4946.33 |
C18 | 5641.17 | 9.04 | 5620 | 5637.50 | 8.73 | 5620 | 5637.76 | 9.27 | 5620 | 5635.00 |
D01 | 3232.83 | 3.10 | 3225 | 3231.17 | 6.67 | 3215 | 3232.17 | 5.11 | 3215 | 3225.00 |
D07 | 3115.00 | 0.00 | 3115 | 3115.00 | 0.00 | 3115 | 3115.00 | 0.00 | 3115 | 3115.00 |
D08 | 3045.33 | 1.82 | 3045 | 3047.67 | 4.42 | 3045 | 3047.67 | 4.42 | 3045 | 3045.67 |
D11 | 3760.33 | 2.25 | 3755 | 3760.50 | 1.50 | 3760 | 3761.72 | 3.48 | 3755 | 3760.17 |
D21 | 3058.33 | 3.24 | 3050 | 3058.33 | 3.25 | 3050 | 3059.00 | 4.16 | 3050 | 3056.67 |
D23 | 3172.67 | 9.66 | 3150 | 3162.50 | 13.34 | 3135 | 3162.67 | 7.39 | 3150 | 3158.17 |
E01 | 4911.00 | 2.41 | 4910 | 4911.00 | 2.00 | 4910 | 4911.50 | 2.93 | 4910 | 4910.33 |
E05 | 4611.83 | 25.35 | 4585 | 4601.17 | 18.74 | 4585 | 4615.00 | 26.08 | 4585 | 4607.33 |
E09 | 5830.67 | 18.35 | 5810 | 5832.17 | 19.39 | 5810 | 5834.17 | 21.64 | 5810 | 5832.67 |
E11 | 4674.33 | 10.70 | 4670 | 4672.33 | 5.12 | 4670 | 4678.00 | 15.03 | 4660 | 4671.67 |
E12 | 4201.00 | 7.39 | 4195 | 4205.33 | 12.24 | 4195 | 4207.50 | 14.59 | 4180 | 4200.67 |
E15 | 4218.00 | 6.98 | 4210 | 4217.83 | 5.73 | 4205 | 4219.33 | 5.59 | 4210 | 4215.00 |
E19 | 3243.33 | 3.78 | 3235 | 3242.00 | 4.58 | 3235 | 3242.00 | 4.58 | 3235 | 3239.33 |
E21 | 3733.50 | 2.31 | 3730 | 3733.67 | 2.21 | 3730 | 3733.27 | 2.39 | 3730 | 3731.33 |
E23 | 3715.83 | 3.23 | 3710 | 3716.83 | 2.73 | 3715 | 3715.50 | 1.98 | 3710 | 3715.17 |
e1-B | 4503.60 | 9.87 | 4498 | 4499.67 | 6.26 | 4498 | 4504.79 | 10.42 | 4498 | 4501.77 |
e2-B | 6324.67 | 10.28 | 6317 | 6321.63 | 5.84 | 6317 | 6323.86 | 9.41 | 6317 | 6321.93 |
e3-B | 7783.77 | 9.12 | 7775 | 7782.87 | 8.35 | 7777 | 7786.55 | 10.73 | 7777 | 7780.90 |
e3-C | 10,312.23 | 15.45 | 10,292 | 10,314.80 | 20.03 | 10,292 | 10,318.31 | 19.15 | 10,292 | 10,310.67 |
e4-A | 6463.87 | 3.30 | 6454 | 6463.07 | 2.02 | 6461 | 6463.83 | 5.07 | 6446 | 6463.47 |
e4-B | 9029.27 | 16.82 | 9000 | 9026.63 | 16.17 | 9000 | 9021.10 | 17.84 | 8990 | 9013.10 |
e4-C | 11,589.13 | 24.44 | 11,540 | 11,586.80 | 27.09 | 11,536 | 11,621.28 | 72.42 | 11,555 | 11,584.97 |
s1-B | 6402.53 | 18.33 | 6388 | 6401.80 | 16.88 | 6388 | 6397.59 | 12.70 | 6388 | 6393.17 |
s2-A | 9931.93 | 25.17 | 9889 | 9928.37 | 24.06 | 9889 | 9934.80 | 29.49 | 9881 | 9929.37 |
s2-B | 13,171.97 | 24.27 | 13,122 | 13,170.97 | 31.06 | 13,107 | 13,171.41 | 29.10 | 13,123 | 13,163.57 |
s2-C | 16,478.50 | 34.87 | 16,425 | 16,492.30 | 39.99 | 16,442 | 16,505.97 | 51.89 | 16,434 | 16,456.77 |
s3-A | 10,282.67 | 32.08 | 10,221 | 10,288.47 | 28.39 | 10,221 | 10,290.67 | 25.78 | 10,251 | 10,284.60 |
s3-B | 13,814.90 | 58.66 | 13,722 | 13,818.63 | 73.32 | 13,717 | 13,821.50 | 47.04 | 13,747 | 13,792.63 |
s3-C | 17,287.27 | 37.04 | 17,205 | 17,288.43 | 31.12 | 17,223 | 17,309.87 | 37.46 | 17,221 | 17,287.70 |
s4-A | 12,404.20 | 35.59 | 12,301 | 12,388.17 | 37.70 | 12,304 | 12,388.59 | 41.42 | 12,316 | 12,367.40 |
s4-B | 16,399.90 | 50.38 | 16,305 | 16,427.13 | 51.61 | 16,278 | 16437.60 | 54.52 | 16,281 | 16,384.27 |
s4-C | 20,847.80 | 134.55 | 20,603 | 20,912.60 | 266.38 | 20,565 | 21,037.24 | 223.95 | 20,648 | 20,796.70 |
F01 | 4047.00 | 2.79 | 4040 | 4045.50 | 3.25 | 4040 | 4047.59 | 3.32 | 4040 | 4046.67 |
F04 | 3498.67 | 3.45 | 3485 | 3498.17 | 4.74 | 3485 | 3499.00 | 4.16 | 3485 | 3498.83 |
F07 | 3348.33 | 30.45 | 3335 | 3345.00 | 30.00 | 3335 | 3338.34 | 17.95 | 3335 | 3338.33 |
F09 | 4749.50 | 12.21 | 4730 | 4746.67 | 10.43 | 4730 | 4748.45 | 8.48 | 4730 | 4743.00 |
F11 | 3843.67 | 11.25 | 3835 | 3843.17 | 11.58 | 3835 | 3847.07 | 12.35 | 3835 | 3839.83 |
F12 | 3404.67 | 11.93 | 3395 | 3408.00 | 17.45 | 3395 | 3416.83 | 26.94 | 3395 | 3410.17 |
F14 | 3342.50 | 9.62 | 3330 | 3343.33 | 16.35 | 3330 | 3339.50 | 11.86 | 3330 | 3339.29 |
F19 | 2541.67 | 9.59 | 2525 | 2533.17 | 6.39 | 2525 | 2532.50 | 9.64 | 2525 | 2531.17 |
F24 | 3235.33 | 10.33 | 3215 | 3232.50 | 9.46 | 3215 | 3233.83 | 10.38 | 3210 | 3230.17 |
val10D | 530.77 | 0.94 | 528 | 530.70 | 1.39 | 528 | 531.13 | 1.26 | 529 | 530.50 |
val4D | 530.73 | 2.25 | 530 | 530.13 | 0.43 | 530 | 530.53 | 1.65 | 530 | 530.00 |
val5D | 582.67 | 2.67 | 577 | 582.97 | 2.07 | 579 | 581.93 | 2.83 | 577 | 581.87 |
val8C | 524.40 | 2.12 | 521 | 524.73 | 1.57 | 522 | 524.73 | 2.00 | 521 | 524.37 |
b
|
c
| best |
a
|
c
| best |
a
|
b
| best | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\#\)
| 3 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | |
W
| 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
inst | BK | MAENS*-IIa | MAENS*-IIb | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
avg | std | best | avg | std | best | ||
EGL-G1-A | 970,495 | 978,636.00 | 5267.70 | 964,014 | 978,127.07 | 5330.95 | 968,157 |
EGL-G1-B | 1,085,097 | 1,086,113.80 | 4709.52 | 1,075,069 | 1,088,504.40 | 5597.17 | 1,076,011 |
EGL-G1-C | 1,201,030 | 1,209,512.20 | 5983.41 | 1,197,057 | 1,208,264.80 | 6225.46 | 1,196,975 |
EGL-G1-D | 1,325,317 | 1,331,918.77 | 5702.86 | 1,322,682 | 1,331,367.00 | 5963.31 | 1,318,679 |
EGL-G1-E | 1,461,469 | 1,466,771.97 | 6458.51 | 1,451,314 | 1,465,321.17 | 4890.69 | 1,455,995 |
EGL-G2-A | 1,061,103 | 1,107,519.20 | 3744.93 | 1,099,674 | 1,107,461.13 | 2864.67 | 1,101,083 |
EGL-G2-B | 1,173,286 | 1,220,912.47 | 4687.58 | 1,213,516 | 1,220,423.67 | 4751.97 | 1,213,237 |
EGL-G2-C | 1,295,036 | 1,356,660.60 | 4883.30 | 1,346,969 | 1,352,307.90 | 5182.32 | 1,338,497 |
EGL-G2-D | 1,430,267 | 1,493,163.27 | 5173.56 | 1,482,470 | 1,494,645.93 | 5294.38 | 1,486,269 |
EGL-G2-E | 1,557,159 | 1,635,756.30 | 5750.90 | 1,622,468 | 1,636,974.10 | 6235.37 | 1,626,530 |
7.2 Operator selection rules and reward measures: a comparison
inst | MAENS* | MAENS-RDG | VNS | ILS-RVND | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
avg | best | avg | best | avg | best | avg | best | |
EGL-G1-A | 977,754.4 | 968,897 | 1,007,223.0 | 1,000,575 | 10,007,393.0 | 997,055 | 1,014,930.9 | 1,004,864 |
EGL-G1-B | 1,088,706.5 | 1,079,793 | 1,124,751.0 | 1,111,971 | 1,122,077.0 | 1,114,120 | 1,143,221.7 | 1,129,937 |
EGL-G1-C | 1,209,058.8 | 1,195,902 | 1,251,718.0 | 1,243,779 | 1,253,789.0 | 1,243,808 | 1,270,100.3 | 1,262,888 |
EGL-G1-D | 1,331,595.8 | 1,323,397 | 1,383,619.0 | 1,371,443 | 1,383,997.0 | 1,373,480 | 1,409,811.9 | 1,398,958 |
EGL-G1-E | 1,469,455.4 | 1,449,542 | 1,524,393.0 | 1,512,584 | 1,525,994.0 | 1,517,772 | 1,556,138.5 | 1,543,804 |
EGL-G2-A | 1,107,363.0 | 1,101,559 | 1,108,916.0 | 1,096,027 | 1,105,870.0 | 1,098,454 | 1,126,561.0 | 1,115,339 |
EGL-G2-B | 1,223,132.3 | 1,213,769 | 1,222,183.0 | 1,213,617 | 1,220,012.0 | 1,211,759 | 1,237,741.8 | 1,226,645 |
EGL-G2-C | 1,354,725.3 | 1,345,587 | 1,353,118.0 | 1,344,148 | 1,351,845.0 | 1,344,184 | 1,376,931.6 | 1,371,004 |
EGL-G2-D | 1,495,089.7 | 1,486,646 | 1,489,723.0 | 1,481,181 | 1,489,500.0 | 1,481,045 | 1,520,794.3 | 1,509,990 |
EGL-G2-E | 1,636,140.6 | 1,630,656 | 1,630,132.0 | 1,618,955 | 1,630,048.0 | 1,616,119 | 1,664,230.2 | 1,659,217 |