2008 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
E/Z Isomers and Isomerization
verfasst von : Synnøve Liaaen-Jensen, Bjart Frode Lutnœes
Erschienen in: Carotenoids
Verlag: Birkhäuser Basel
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The natural occurrence of several carotenoid
cis
isomers and their biological significance were not anticipated in 1962, when the classical monograph on
cis-trans
isomeric carotenoids [
1
] was published. More recent research has demonstrated that various
cis
isomers occur naturally in bacteria plants, algae and invertebrate animals, and are present in human blood and tissues. The participation of
cis
isomers in the biosynthethic route to coloured carotenoids is well established (
Volume 3, Chapter 2
). Important biological functions of (15
Z
)-carotenoids in photosynthesis have been revealed [
2
]. In relation to health aspects of carotenoids, the bioavailability of
cis
isomers may be higher than that of the all-
trans
isomer [
3
], and accumulated evidence suggests that
cis/trans
isomerization may occur in biological tissues, particularly of lycopene (
31
) in human serum [
4
] (
Volume 5, Chapter 7
).