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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Ecotoxicity of Plastic in the Marine Environment - Contributions to an Environmental Impact Model

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Abstract

The pollution caused by plastic materials is a social and environmental challenge whose consequences are yet to be understood and measured. Regarding the pollution of the marine environment, one can notice that the concentration of chemicals in plastic debris affects the general health of the aquatic ecosystem and are not well understood due to the complexity of the microplastic phenomenon. More efforts are needed to design new plastic materials using ecodesign tools, like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and it is used to analyze quantitively the life cycle of a product or service. The inventory is classified and characterized on the phase of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), using an impact assessment method. It wasn’t found in the literature an environmental impact assessment model to analyze and compare the toxicity of plastics in the marine water and it is essential for a proper ecodesign of new plastic materials and products. In this work, it is proposed an adaptation of one of the impact assessment method specific for ecotoxicity, USEtox. This method was adapted to compare two different polymers, Polyethylene (PE) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The preliminary results showed that the Potentially Affected Fraction of species integrated throughout the time and the volume by unity of mass of PE emitted is about 6 times superior to the fraction of PDMS.

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Metadaten
Titel
Ecotoxicity of Plastic in the Marine Environment - Contributions to an Environmental Impact Model
verfasst von
Iasmin Godinho
Lizete Heleno
Nelson Oliveira
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75315-3_98