Effect of Tb, Ti co-doping on the electrical and magnetic properties of (Bi, La)FeO₃ multiferroic ceramics

Polycrystalline samples of Bi_0.6Tb_0.1La_0.3Fe_0.7Ti_0.3O₃ hereby designated as (BTbLFT) was prepared by using a solid state reaction technique and their structural, magnetic, and electric property were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all the samples maintained original R3c space group. The XRD patterns of the samples at room temperature showed perovskite phase with hexagonal structure at room temperature. The plots of Z″ and M″ versus frequency at various temperatures show peaks in the higher temperature range (250–390 °C). The compounds show dielectric relaxation, which is found to be of non-Debye type and the relaxation frequency shifted to higher side with increase in temperature. The Nyquist plot and conductivity studies showed the NTCR character of samples. M–H hysteresis loop of BTbLFT samples at an applied field of 1 T exhibited spontaneous magnetization of 1.735 emu/g. By using VSM technique, a significant change in the magnetic properties was observed for this ceramic and highest magnetic moment were found at temperature 5 K.