Effect of WO₃ loading on structural, electrical and dielectric properties of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ ceramic composites

CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂–xWO₃ (CCTO–xWO₃) (x = 5, 10, 15, 20 wt%) ceramic composites were synthesized using conventional mixed oxide method. The effect of various amounts of WO₃ loading on its microstructure, electrical and dielectric properties of CCTO ceramic composites were studied using XRD, FESEM-EDAX, Hall effect and dielectric measurement. XRD analysis revealed that the CCTO–xWO₃ ceramic composites have cubic structure and WO₃ loading had no effect on its crystal phase structure. The FESEM analyses showed that the samples had a porous structure. It is noted that the porosity of CCTO films increased from 2.97% to 6.11% with 20% wt. WO₃ loading. Also, the electrical resistivity and dielectric permittivity of CCTO ceramics was reduced with increasing WO₃ loading. Particularly, the CCTO–20 wt% WO₃ ceramic composites exhibited the lowest electrical resistivity (81 Ω cm) and dielectric permittivity (486 measured at 1 kHz) but the highest dielectric loss (0.6 measured at 1 kHz). These results have practical implication for fabrication and optimizing of CCTO ceramics for low power loss microelectronics.