1 Introduction
Process | Typical laser spot diameter and power | Part dimensions | Structural complexity | Substrate | Material flexibility |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPBF | 100 µm, 300 W | Small to medium (limited by process chamber) | High (e.g. lattice structures) | Flat surfaces | Same powder for whole process |
LMD | 1 mm, 1 kW | Medium to large (limited by machine working area) | Limited (e.g. walls) | Freeform surfaces | In-process change of powder |
2 Experimental methods
2.1 The additive manufacturing processes LPBF and LMD
2.2 Fabrication of the LPBF-LMD cantilever
Process | Laser power | Velocity | Laser spot diameter | Hatch distance | Layer thickness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPBF | 275 W | 760 mm/s | 0.18 mm | 0.12 mm | 0.05 mm |
LMD | 750 W | 12.5 mm/s | 1.0 mm | 1.22 mm | 0.5 mm |
2.3 Heat treatment and analysis
2.4 Thermal–mechanical analysis
Unit | Nickel-base alloy Inconel 718 | Nickel-base alloy René 80 | Tool steel H13 | Steel 1.0570 |
---|---|---|---|---|
10–6/K | 14.8 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.9 |