Electrical Bioimpedance Based Estimation of Diabetics

The improvement of life quality of diabetic patients requires periodic measurements of blood glucose, such as those affected by Diabetes Mellitus. They need to put a blood droplet on a dispensable reagent strip to measure the blood glucose level. Currently available devices for this purpose are invasive, in-involving painful, non-hygienic, and expensive measurement methods. Non-invasive devices, such as those using near-infrared (NIR), intend to be an alternative even though considered a low precision method compared to biochemical ones. Despite that, the creation of computational models to improve the precision of non-invasive blood glucose monitors combining multiple non-invasive technologies has recently been investigated, such as the use of electrical bioimpedance (BIA) data. BIA has been successfully used for cancer diagnosis and biomaterial characterizations due to its safety, low cost, effectiveness, portability, and applicability. The technique measures the impedance spectra of the material under study and then obtains its biological properties using a fitting model. This book brings the physical concepts of the BIA technique, including hardware and modeling for characterization. It also discusses the most reliable and promising applications for detecting blood glucose levels, both invasive and non-evasively. The usability, accuracy, precision, and performance of using the BIA approach are assessed and focused on diabetic diagnosis.