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2006 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Electrical Properties

verfasst von : Bernd Schumacher, Dr., Heinz-Gunter Bach, Ph.D., Petra Spitzer, Jan Obrzut, Dr.

Erschienen in: Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Electronic materials – conductors, insulators, semiconductors – play an important role in today's technology. They constitute “electrical and electronic devices”, such as radio, television, telephone, electric light, electromotors, computers, etc. From a materials science point of view, the electrical properties of materials characterize two basic processes: electrical energy conduction (and dissipation) and electrical energy storage.

Electrical conductivity describes the ability of a material to transport charge through the process of conduction, normalized by geometry. Electrical dissipation comes as the result of charge transport or conduction. Dissipation or energy loss results from the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy (Joule heating) through momentum transfer during collisions as the charges move.
Electrical storage is the result of charge storing energy. This process is dielectric polarization, normalized by geometry to be the material property called dielectric permittivity. As polarization occurs and causes charges to move, the charge motion is also dissipative.

In this chapter, the main methods to characterize the electrical properties of materials are compiled. Sections 9.2 to 9.5 describe the measuring methods under the following headings:

Electrical conductivity of metallic materials
Electrolytical conductivity
Semiconductors
Dielectrics

As an introductory overview, in Sect. 9.1 the basic categories of electrical materials are outlined in adopting the classification and terminology of chapter the “Electronic Properties of Materials” of “Understanding Materials Science” by Hummel [9.1].

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Vorheriges Kapitel Thermal Properties

Nächstes Kapitel Magnetic Properties

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Titel: Electrical Properties
verfasst von: Bernd Schumacher, Dr.
Heinz-Gunter Bach, Ph.D.
Petra Spitzer
Jan Obrzut, Dr.
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-20785-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-540-30300-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30300-8_9

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