ELECTRIMACS 2022

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. Modelling and Simulation of Power Electronics Systems

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Discussion on Classification Methods for Lifetime Evaluation of a Lab-Scale SiC MOSFET Power Module

      Malorie Hologne-Carpentier, Bruno Allard, Guy Clerc, Hubert Razik

      Abstract

      This paper focuses on classification methods for evaluating the lifetime consumption (LC) of power electronics modules. The generalization of power electronics devices introduces new issues concerning the reliability of equipment, especially in the transportation field. To meet these expectations, this paper discusses an approach to evaluate the percentage of lifetime of a lab-scale SiC MOSFET power module, designed for an aircraft application. This module is based on a planar technology, and presents typical failure modes concerning the SiC MOSFET chip itself and its environment. The modules have been aged on a specific instrumented test bench to trigger the expected failure modes. Thanks to it, a large database of parameters have been obtained in order to find a relevant failure signature. Once the signature obtained, a comprehensive solution is required to classify the signatures into relevant classes related to the module LC. To meet the issue, three types of classification have been tested with learning data set: Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors and neural network. The last contribution of this paper is a discussion on the evaluation of the percentage of lifetime consumption of a new test module thanks to the most promising models obtained from the learning data set.

   3. Dielectric Material Significance on Common Mode Transient Immunity of a Shielded Pulse Planar Transformer

      Loreine Makki, Antoine Laspeyres, Anne-Sophie Descamps, Julien Weckbrodt, Marc Anthony Mannah, Christophe Batard, Nicolas Ginot

      Abstract

      Wide bandgap power switching device technologies earned immense superiority in power density converters in terms of higher switching frequency and efficiency attainments. However, this becomes opposing when utilized in planar pulse transformer-based gate driver applications, where rapid switching speeds originate electromagnetic disturbances due to the passage of common mode currents through the transformer’s stray capacitances. This paper will examine the common mode transient immunity (CMTI) of a shielded pulse planar transformer whilst examining the impact of dielectric material selection on the outcome result. The simulation methodology using Altium Designer and Ansys Q3D Extractor with dynamic links will be presented, in addition to agreeable experimental verifications.

   4. Transient Modeling and Simulation of Power Converter Including Parasitic Elements

      Baptiste Trajin, Paul-Etienne Vidal

      Abstract

      This paper presents a modeling and simulating methodology of transient phenomena in power converters for a large frequency bandwidth. The system under study considers parasitic elements of semiconductor switches, common mode parasitic elements of power transmission lines and their interactions in a high integrated buck converter with one switching cell. In particular, the methodology helps the modeler to chose between several types of models for a given element, i.e. T −model or Π −model of the power transmission lines. The proposed methodology finally allows to obtain a representation well-adapted to the simulation of the behavior of the power converter including parasitic oscillations along time.

   5. Enhanced Static and Dynamic Modeling of a Series-Series Inductive Power Transfer System with a Buck Post-Regulator

      Kateryna Stoyka, Antonio Vitale, Eugenio Venere, Paolo Visconti

      Abstract

      This paper discusses enhanced static and dynamic modeling of a series-series compensated Inductive Power Transfer System (IPTS) using a Buck converter as a post-regulator. A First Harmonic Approximation (FHA) method is adopted to develop a static model of the analyzed Post-Regulated IPTS (PR-IPTS), highlighting operating regions in which a Buck post-regulator may exhibit controllability issues. Dynamic modeling of the proposed PR-IPTS is then performed by exploiting previous works based on a Coupled-Mode Theory (CMT). Their findings are herein extended to include a phase-shift modulation of the primary full-bridge inverter operating at whatever switching frequency. Experimental tests performed on a laboratory prototype confirm good output voltage regulation capabilities in both static and dynamic load conditions.

   6. Design and Optimization of a Post-Regulated Inductive Power Transfer System with a Series-Series Compensation

      Antonio Vitale, Kateryna Stoyka, Eugenio Venere, Paolo Visconti

      Abstract

      This paper discusses the design and optimization of a series-series compensated Inductive Power Transfer System (IPTS) followed by a post-regulator consisting in a DC-DC Buck converter. A static model of the system is developed through a first harmonic approximation method, and a procedure for compensation capacitor selection is proposed. A sensitivity analysis of the IPTS performances is carried out with respect to the variations of the primary inverter switching frequency and phase-shift angle, to achieve the efficiency maximization while ensuring the system controllability. Experimental prototype is developed able to deliver up to 29 W output power at a 12 V output voltage, yielding a 91.7% maximum efficiency. The IPTS behavior under both stable and unstable conditions is finally tested, thus confirming the static model predictions.

   7. PWM-Induced Current Modelling in Stator Slots with Multiple Stacked Coils

      Antoine Cizeron, Hugo Milan, Javier Ojeda, Olivier Béthoux

      Abstract

      This paper deals with the PWM-induced current and losses in a specific segmented winding structure. The proposed segmentation process enables to split a winding into several coils. These latter are supplied independently by H-bridge converters and are wound around the same magnetic circuit. This process leads to a deeper segmentation of electric drives for enhanced modularity and reduced voltage rating. The strong magnetic coupling between each coil is described, and the control degrees of freedom are presented. This study provides a model based on an analytical method and on an equivalent electrical circuit calibrated through experimental results. A trade-off is found between the losses related either to the distribution of the fundamental component of currents or to the switching power converter supply.

   8. Current Sensor Fault Tolerant Control for a Synchronous Machine Based on Stator Current Estimation

      Peyman Haghgooei, Ehsan Jamshidpour, Noureddine Takorabet, Davood Arab Khaburi, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh

      Abstract

      In this study, a current sensor faults tolerant control method is proposed for synchronous machines. The proposed method is based on the estimation of the stator currents. A comparison algorithm between the estimated and measured currents allows detecting a possible fault in the current sensors. Once a fault is detected in the current sensors, the control system is switched to the current sensorless control. This transition to sensorless control mode is achieved quickly without stopping or slowing down the rotor speed. To validate the proposed method, simulations and experimental tests are carried out on a wound rotor synchronous machine.

   9. Investigating and Modeling the Soft Switching Losses of IGBTs Under Zero Current Switching Conditions

      Assil Bouach, Sébastien Mariéthoz, Arnaud Gaillard, Mickaël Hilairet

      Abstract

      The paper presents an investigation of IGBT’s zero current switching (ZCS) losses in a quasi-sinusoidal current mode series resonant converter.

      Theoretically, losses does not occur when the IGBT is switched at zero current. However, experiments show the opposite and switching losses are not negligible.

      Manufacturer’s datasheet do not indicate IGBT’s performance under ZCS condition which results in a lack of information to reduce the impact of the converter losses in order to reach high power density.

      A parametric model for the stored charge evacuated from the IGBT during turn off process is proposed based on experimental results.

      The impact of the ZCS modulation scheme and the magnetizing inductance of the transformer on zero current switching losses is discussed.

   10. Design and Control of a Synchronous Interleaved Boost ConverterBased on GaN FETs for PEM Fuel Cell Applications

       Elie Togni, Fabien Harel, Frédéric Gustin, Daniel Hissel

       Abstract

       This paper shares some solutions in order to implement a state-of-the-art synchronous Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC), based on gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors. The solutions discussed have been implemented and validated on a synchronous 4-phase IBC (IBC4) prototype operating at a switching frequency of 250 kHz, specially designed to control the electric power delivered by a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell module to a lithium battery pack. This paper focuses on digital control, such as PWM signal generation and the MCU requirements to reach high switching frequencies. It also discusses the issues related to the propagation delay of the sensors used and how to address them. The high switching frequency enabled by GaN transistors, combined with this DC/DC converter architecture and its phase-shifted control strategy, might heavily strain the load of the single MCU embedded. The real-time management of the different control loops is therefore exposed.

   11. Electromagnetic Transient Modeling of Power Electronics in Modelica, Accuracy and Performance Assessment

       A. Masoom, J. Gholinezhad, T. Ould-Bachir, J. Mahseredjian

       Abstract

       This paper presents the Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) modeling and simulation of power electronics in Modelica, a declarative equation-based language. In this paper, modeling of switching components such as diodes, insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) and multi-level converters using ideal and nonideal components are investigated. A three-phase three-level and a single-phase two-level converter with an open-loop controller are simulated in Modelica and EMTP®. The accuracy and performance of simulations are compared using the variable and fixed-step solvers. Analytical solutions are used for verification of results as well.

   12. Fuse on PiN Silicon Diode Monolithic Integration for New Fail-Safe Power Converters Topologies

       Amirouche Oumaziz, Frédéric Richardeau, Abdelhakim Bourennane, Emmanuel Sarraute, Eric Imbernon, Ayad Ghannam

       Abstract

       In this paper, a first concept of monolithic integration of a fuse on a silicon PiN diode is realized and experimentally characterized. An integrated fuse on PiN diode allows fast cut-off, with low I²T (less than 2 A².s) and short pre-arcing times (4–6 μs). These fuse-on-diode components are intended for fail-safe topologies power converter, aiming for more compact and reliable applications. The fuses were electrothermally designed using Comsol Multiphysics™ and TCAD Sentaurus™ simulations were carried out to study their integration on PiN diodes. Characterization and experimental tests were carried out after components realization.