18. Electrochemical Sensor Applications of Mechanically Alloyed Powders

Electrochemical redox reactions are fundamental processes involving electron transfer that occur at the interface between electrodes and electrolytes, playing a crucial role in various scientific fields. This chapter explores the significance of these reactions, particularly in the context of electrochemical sensors, and discusses their applications in chemistry, materials science, and energy conversion. Various electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, are introduced to analyze redox reactions and develop practical applications. The study of bioactive molecules in electrochemistry is of paramount importance, given its wide-ranging applications. These molecules, including neurotransmitters, antioxidants, metabolites, and biomarkers, are pivotal in biological processes, healthcare, disease diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. Understanding the electrochemical behavior of bioactive molecules enables the development of diagnostic tools, neuroscience research, antioxidant assessment, metabolism monitoring, environmental protection, and food safety. Furthermore, it contributes to drug development and biotechnology applications, underscoring its interdisciplinary significance. Mechanically alloyed modifiers play a crucial role in enhancing the electrochemical performance of materials and electrodes. Mechanical alloying, a process involving powder milling and blending, creates alloyed or composite materials with improved properties. These modifiers enhance conductivity, increase surface area, catalyze reactions, improve stability, and enable selective sensing. They find applications in energy storage, environmental sensing, biomedical devices, and more, making them invaluable for tailoring electrode materials and advancing electrochemical systems. This chapter sheds light on the importance of understanding electrochemical redox reactions, especially concerning bioactive molecules, and highlights the role of mechanically alloyed modifiers in advancing sensor technology and a diverse range of applications. It underscores the interdisciplinary nature of electrochemistry and its pivotal role in addressing critical challenges in healthcare, environmental protection, and materials science.