9. Electrocoagulation of Fluoride from Water with Fe-Based Ion Electrode

In recent years, the environmental sector has become interested in electrochemical-based techniques due to their environmental compatibility, sustainability, versatility, low cost, efficiency, and a small amount of sludge production. Fluoride in drinking water at high levels has been associated with a number of health problems, including skeletal, dental, and various forms of fluorosis. Among the various available de-fluoridation methods, the electrocoagulation procedure was tested experimentally and optimized to increase removal effectiveness while using the least amount of energy possible. The electrocoagulation process with Fe as sacrificial electrodes was used at domestic, industrial, and commercial levels. The Fe ions have a great affinity for fluoride ions, leading to a higher removal efficiency of fluoride from the water. The removal efficiency also depends on factors such as the applied current, the initial fluoride content, the electrode spacing, the electrolysis time, pH, the contact surface area, etc. This chapter deals with the removal of fluoride contents through Fe-based ion electrodes by electrocoagulation (EC). We further discuss the mechanism of CE, the different shapes of Fe electrodes, and the geometry of reactors in contrast to the efficiency of F removal from the water.