4th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Engineering Structures (SHM&ES 2025)

Table of Contents

1. Advances in Architectural Design

   1. Frontmatter

   2. The Origins of the Wooden Structural Framework in the Traditional Architecture of Central Vietnam

      Hung Tan Khuat

      Abstract

      One of the most distinctive elements of traditional Vietnamese architecture is its wooden structural framework. A prevailing belief holds that the traditional wooden frame used by the Vietnamese people is unified from north to south. It is assumed that, during the southward migration process, the Vietnamese carried their construction knowledge with them and gradually simplified the structural framework in their architectural practices. However, this notion does not adequately account for the significant differences between traditional architecture in Central Vietnam (south of Ngang Pass) and that of the North. These differences span architectural form, spatial layout principles, construction techniques, and especially the methods employed in constructing wooden frameworks. Through morphological analysis, structural examination, and comparative methods, this study identifies key differences between the traditional wooden frames of regions north and south of Ngang Pass, thereby asserting their distinct indigenous origins.

   3. Solutions for Developing the Tam Giang Lagoon-Hue in the Context of Climate Change

      Huong T. D. Nguyen, Chau Huynh Bao

      Abstract

      Climate change is a global issue that significantly impacts everything from natural ecosystems to socio-economic systems, human health, and well-being. In the development process, urban are both agents and the most severely affected objects of Climate change worldwide. Therefore, mitigation and adaptation are two aspects to consider in urban planning and development. One locality in Vietnam severely impacted by climate change and sea-level rise is the Dam Pha Tam Giang area in Thua Thien Hue province. This lagoon is the largest in Southeast Asia and among the largest in the world, with high biodiversity and a wealth of diverse resources. Dam Pha Tam Giang also plays a special role in the socio-economic development strategy for the Central region of Vietnam. The article will include assessing the current state of the Tam Giang Lagoon under the impacts of climate change and proposing principles and solutions for landscape organizations to respond to the risks of natural disasters.

   4. Landscape Architecture of Industrial Zones in Hanoi, Vietnam

      Le Thi Ai Tho, Tran Quang Huy, Nguyen Tuan Anh

      Abstract

      Landscape architecture in Industrial zones (IZs) plays a vital role in enhancing aesthetics, improving microclimate conditions, and supporting sustainable development. However, in Hanoi, landscape planning and management in IZs remain inadequate due to the lack of clear standards, regulations, and effective oversight. This study analyzes the current state of landscape architecture across Hanoi’s operational IZs through field surveys and applied research methods. Based on the findings, the paper proposes organizational and management solutions to enhance landscape quality and environmental conditions in Hanoi’s IZs.

   5. A Proposed Spatial Model for Interactive Museum Exhibitions

      Trang Ngoc Thanh Tran, Quan Le

      Abstract

      The increasing application of interactive technologies is transforming museum exhibition design from static displays to dynamic, user-centered experiences. This study proposes a spatial organization model for museum exhibitions, featuring six functional zones based on interaction characteristics and a flexible, multi-route layout structure to accommodate personalized visitor journeys. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining theoretical synthesis with case study analysis of five representative museums. The study contributes a theoretical design model for exhibition spaces, offering practical value for curators, architects, and museum designers in the context of digital transformation.

   6. Application of the NSGA-II Algorithm for Optimizing Construction Site Layout Planning

      Xuan Thanh Nguyen, Duy Hieu Pham, Bao-Loi Dang

      Abstract

      In the construction field, beyond studying construction methods and the performance of building materials, research on Construction Site Layout Planning (CSLP) is a crucial area of focus. Optimizing the placement of auxiliary facilities to minimize movement distances while enhancing safety represents a complex problem involving numerous variables. In this study, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is applied to enhance the planning of construction site layouts by tackling two main goals at once: reducing the distance of material and worker movements, and improving overall site safety. The method is utilized to generate a set of Pareto-optimal solutions that maintain diversity and offer a range of viable options. The findings indicate that the proposed approach performs effectively in identifying optimal trade-offs between the objectives. This research highlights the capability of NSGA-II in addressing complex, multi-objective challenges in construction site planning and lays the groundwork for future exploration in this domain.

   7. Promoting Some Traditional Vietnamese Architectural and Cultural Values in the Design of New Coastal Urban Areas Adapted to Climate Change

      Phong Nguyen Dinh

      Abstract

      Vietnam is a country with a long history of development with traditional villages that have formed and developed stably for centuries, a concrete and vivid testament to the settlement methods and lifestyle of ancient Vietnamese people. This article selects and analyzes some prominent values of traditional Vietnamese architecture and culture. From there, the author proposes the viewpoint of inheritance in the design and planning of new coastal urban areas adapted to climate change.

   8. Landscape Architecture as a Formative Element in Shaping Da Lat’s Urban Identity

      Trang Nguyen Thi Nhu, Hung Tan Khuat

      Abstract

      Formed in the early 1900s through carefully prepared urban planning projects, Da Lat once possessed a highly distinctive urban identity, reflected in its spatial structure and city image as well as in its landscape architecture and socio-cultural fabric. Tangible and intangible recognition elements played central roles in shaping Da Lat’s urban image, contributing to its appeal among tourists and urban scholars, planners, and heritage researchers. However, like many rapidly developing tourist cities across Vietnam, Da Lat is now confronting the serious threat of losing its unique identity due to unregulated development. The study adopts a comprehensive methodological approach that integrates field surveys, expert interviews, and public perception assessments to identify the core elements shaping the urban identity of Da Lat. Ultimately, the paper emphasizes the role of landscape architecture as a fundamental and enduring value, contributing to the enhancement of the city’s legibility, imageability, and long-term memorability. It further asserts that the preservation of landscape architecture is essential to reinforcing the integrity of Da Lat’s urban identity.

   9. A Hybrid Model Combining Regression Analysis and Taguchi to Enhance the Utilization of Expert Knowledge in Tree Planning for Architectural Design

      Vu Hong Son Pham, Le Anh Tran, Tran Ngoc Diem Phan

      Abstract

      Science and technology are advancing rapidly, while environmental conditions, climate, and human needs constantly change. As a result, practical knowledge from historical records, books, and scientific documents is often incomplete. Expert experience helps fill these gaps, but it is usually unstructured and based on empirical rules. This study develops a model that systematically integrates practical knowledge with empirical rules into a structured and user-friendly computational framework. The Taguchi orthogonal array method is applied to reduce the number of study cases while preserving essential information, overcoming the factorial method’s limitations. This also facilitates structured questionnaire design for expert input. Additionally, regression analysis is used to develop predictive equations for architectural design variables based on practical and empirical data. By combining these methods, the model effectively bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and expert intuition. Applied to green space planning in architectural design, the model provides a systematic approach to incorporating expert knowledge in cases without standardized guidelines. This enhances decision-making, ensuring more adaptable and effective solutions for tree planning in urban and architectural design.

   10. The Influence of Foreign Design in Contemporary Vietnamese Architecture

       Dang Hoang Vu

       Abstract

       As a result of Vietnam’s colonial history, subsidy period, and subsequent economic reforms, contemporary Vietnamese architecture (from 1986 to the present) has had a reliance on Western design. The perception of French colonial-style buildings representing “opulence” has led to its heightened use in shaping urban landscapes. This article analysis the impact of Vietnam’s history on contemporary architecture, evaluating the positive and negative uses of the European “revival” architecture for Vietnamese landscapes and audiences. The article demonstrates that these architecture trends have been an inevitable phenomenon, following other revival trends across history, and discusses the future for modern Vietnamese architecture in the context of globalisation and a focus on sustainability for up-and-coming architects. It is, therefore, concluded that Vietnamese architecture is on a path to create new designs that incorporate Western influences with a stamp of local traditions, cultures, and climate needs.

   11. Typologies of Agro-industrial Parks Suitable for Vietnam

       Tran Quang Huy, Le Thi Ai Tho, Che Đinh Hoang

       Abstract

       Agro-Industrial Parks (AIPs) are advanced centralized production models successfully implemented in many countries, adapted to local conditions. In Vietnam, early AIP-like models such as agricultural-focused industrial parks and high-tech agricultural parks exist but face legal and research limitations. The Vietnamese government is undergoing major administrative and planning reforms, focusing on national, regional, provincial, and sectoral planning. Given that agriculture still employs the majority of the workforce, research on suitable models for concentrated production areas is essential. Drawing on global experience, the research team proposes tasks and functional components to help identify AIP types suited to Vietnam’s production conditions.

   12. Smart Parks—Challenges and Development Opportunities in Vietnam

       Huong Nguyen Thi Dieu

       Abstract

       In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the digital transformation trend, technological advances are affecting every aspect of life. Cities are becoming “smarter”, using technology to improve the ability to live, work, entertain, and increase sustainability. Smart parks are also one of the trends of the times. They not only utilize advanced technology to effectively manage resources and improve the ecological and social environment of the city, but also enhance community connectivity by placing people at the center and providing better, smarter services. Learning from international experience in applying technology to solve challenges in park management and operation, as well as recommending the development of smart park development with new approaches suitable for conditions in Vietnam is the content that the article wants to mention.

   13. Designing Pedestrian Streets in Hanoi to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

       Luong Tu Quyen, Huynh T. Bao Chau, Le Xuan Hung, Do Tran Tin, Do T. Kim Thanh

       Abstract

       Hanoi faces significant challenges, including traffic congestion, air pollution, and climate change. In this context, planning and developing pedestrian zones is seen as a viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save energy while enhancing urban environmental quality. Nevertheless, even within pedestrian areas, both direct and indirect emission sources exist due to ancillary activities. This paper proposes a series of urban design solutions for pedestrian areas in Hanoi to optimize energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions while meeting the functional and aesthetic requirements of a modern urban space.

   14. Pedestrian Streets Contribute to Develop the Low Emission Zone in Hanoi’s Inner Area

       Thi Ngoc Lien Pham, Tran Tin Do

       Abstract

       Hanoi’s inner area is facing serious challenges of climate change and air pollution is a core concern in here. The PM2.5 dust levels (the averaged level of monitoring stations) is higher than standard levels from 1.2 to 2 time. According to research, the number of dust levels can reach up to 150 µg/m³ in Hanoi, which is three times higher than the World Health Organization's (WHO), and it is 50 µg/m³ (https://en.vietnamplus.vn/hanoi-tops-pollution-rankings-seeks-solutions-to-improve-air-quality-post308758.vnp [1]). Thus, the city council has applied low emission zones in the inner city to improve the quality of urban environment, public health, create friendly living standards, which toward sustainable development and adapt climate change. The aim reduces the number of cars, encourages people to use public transportation and walk instead of private vehicles. This study highlights the role of pedestrian streets as a key component in Hanoi’s strategy to build effective low emission zones.