A Blockchain-Enabled Carbon Emission Trading System for New Energy Vehicle Incentives Utilizing Ethereum 2.0

This chapter explores the development of a blockchain-enabled system called BeNEVIS, designed to facilitate carbon emission trading between fossil fuel vehicles (FFVs) and new energy vehicles (NEVs). The system leverages Ethereum 2.0 and Rollups to create a decentralized platform that incentivizes clean transportation behaviors by punishing FFVs and rewarding NEVs. The framework of BeNEVIS includes smart vehicle terminals, a Beacon chain, and a Rollup layer, each playing a crucial role in data collection, validation, and transaction execution. The execution logic of the system is closely associated with driving distance data collected from in-car IoT terminals, which are used to calculate financial punishments for FFVs and rewards for NEVs. The transaction principle of BeNEVIS is designed to distribute rewards and punishments in the form of Ethereum tokens, with the aim of motivating consumers to purchase more advanced NEVs. The development path of BeNEVIS is synchronized with the current development of Ethereum 2.0, with the system expected to be launched on the Ethereum main net once the designed stake process and Rollup functions are achieved. The social impact of BeNEVIS is significant, as it has the potential to reduce carbon emissions, analyze driving data, and improve the user-oriented usage efficiency of enterprises. The system also helps to reduce emissions, analyze data, and improve the user-oriented usage efficiency of enterprises. The dataset generated by the system will directly inform green urban transport planning and charging infrastructure deployment, with potential for further application in remote area transportation and supply chain planning.