Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Photonic Network Communications 3/2019

05-04-2019 | Invited Paper

A comprehensive optical mobile fronthaul network toward high-fidelity, flexible and low-latency transport

Authors: Weisheng Hu, Hao He, Kuo Zhang, Haiyun Xin, Longsheng Li, Ahmed Mohammed Mikaeil

Published in: Photonic Network Communications | Issue 3/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Cloud radio access network and the subsequent next-generation fronthaul interface are the key solutions for the upcoming 5G deployment. In both architectures, the baseband units (BBUs) are centralized, and remote radio units (RRUs) are separately allocated, where the BBUs and RRUs are connected through a fronthaul network with common public radio interface (CPRI) and its subsequent eCPRI. Today, a cost-effective fronthaul transport network is paramount for 5G deployment. In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive optical mobile fronthaul network (COMF) to meet the various fronthaul requirements. The COMF design has the features of low-cost high-speed transmission, bandwidth reduction, low link latency, high signal fidelity and flexible connection. To support both the CPRI and eCPRI interfaces, several low-cost high-bitrate optical transmission techniques are comparatively studied. Meanwhile, time-division multiplexing-based analog radio over fiber solution is also discussed. Furthermore, to achieve flexible fronthaul delivering, optical switching technologies based on arrayed waveguide grating router and wavelength selective switch are presented, respectively. In the end, the novel strategies for low-delay resource management are investigated.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Chin-Lin, I., Huang, J., Duan, R., Cui, C., Jiang, J.X. Recent Progress on C-RAN Centralization and Cloudification. IEEE Access 2, 1030–1039 (2014)CrossRef Chin-Lin, I., Huang, J., Duan, R., Cui, C., Jiang, J.X. Recent Progress on C-RAN Centralization and Cloudification. IEEE Access 2, 1030–1039 (2014)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Pfeiffer, T.: Next generation mobile fronthaul and midhaul architectures. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(11), 2456–2464 (2015)CrossRef Pfeiffer, T.: Next generation mobile fronthaul and midhaul architectures. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(11), 2456–2464 (2015)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Pizzinat, A., Chanclou, P., Saliou, F., Diallo, T.: Things you should know about fronthaul. J. Lightwave Technol. 33(5), 1077–1083 (2015)CrossRef Pizzinat, A., Chanclou, P., Saliou, F., Diallo, T.: Things you should know about fronthaul. J. Lightwave Technol. 33(5), 1077–1083 (2015)CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Li, Z., Yi, L., Wang, X., Hu, W.: 28 Gb/s duobinary signal transmission over 40 km based on 10 GHz DML and PIN for 100 Gb/s PON. Opt. Express 23(16), 20249–20256 (2015)CrossRef Li, Z., Yi, L., Wang, X., Hu, W.: 28 Gb/s duobinary signal transmission over 40 km based on 10 GHz DML and PIN for 100 Gb/s PON. Opt. Express 23(16), 20249–20256 (2015)CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Ye, Z., Li, S., Cheng, N., Liu, X.: Demonstration of high performance cost-effective 100-Gb/s TWDM-PON using 4 × 25-Gb/s optical duobinary channels with 16-GHz APD and receiver-side post-equalization. In: European Conference on Optical Communication (2015) Ye, Z., Li, S., Cheng, N., Liu, X.: Demonstration of high performance cost-effective 100-Gb/s TWDM-PON using 4 × 25-Gb/s optical duobinary channels with 16-GHz APD and receiver-side post-equalization. In: European Conference on Optical Communication (2015)
6.
go back to reference Galve, J.M., Gasulla, I., Sales, S., Capmany, J.: Reconfigurable radio access networks using multicore fibers. IEEE/OSA J. Quantum Electron. 52(1), 1–7 (2016)CrossRef Galve, J.M., Gasulla, I., Sales, S., Capmany, J.: Reconfigurable radio access networks using multicore fibers. IEEE/OSA J. Quantum Electron. 52(1), 1–7 (2016)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Zhang, J., Ji, Y., Jia, S., Li, H., Yu, X., Wang, X.: Reconfigurable optical mobile fronthaul networks for coordinated multipoint transmission and reception in 5G. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(6), 489–497 (2017)CrossRef Zhang, J., Ji, Y., Jia, S., Li, H., Yu, X., Wang, X.: Reconfigurable optical mobile fronthaul networks for coordinated multipoint transmission and reception in 5G. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(6), 489–497 (2017)CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Cvijetic, N., Tanaka, A., Kanonakis, K., Wang, T.: SDN-controlled topology-reconfigurable optical mobile fronthaul architecture for bidirectional CoMP and low latency inter-cell D2D in the 5G mobile era. Opt. Express 22(17), 20809–20815 (2014)CrossRef Cvijetic, N., Tanaka, A., Kanonakis, K., Wang, T.: SDN-controlled topology-reconfigurable optical mobile fronthaul architecture for bidirectional CoMP and low latency inter-cell D2D in the 5G mobile era. Opt. Express 22(17), 20809–20815 (2014)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference CPRI Specification V7.0: Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI); Interface Specification (2015) CPRI Specification V7.0: Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI); Interface Specification (2015)
10.
go back to reference eCPRI Specification V1.1: Common Public Radio Interface: eCPRI Interface Specification (2018) eCPRI Specification V1.1: Common Public Radio Interface: eCPRI Interface Specification (2018)
11.
go back to reference Ammar, D., Begin, T. Guerin-Lassous, I.: A new tool for generating realistic internet traffic in ns-3. In: Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (2011) Ammar, D., Begin, T. Guerin-Lassous, I.: A new tool for generating realistic internet traffic in ns-3. In: Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (2011)
12.
go back to reference Paul, U., Subramanian, A.P., Buddhikot, M.M., Das, S.R.: Understanding traffic dynamics in cellular data networks. In: INFOCOM, 2011 Proceedings IEEE, pp. 882–890. IEEE (2011) Paul, U., Subramanian, A.P., Buddhikot, M.M., Das, S.R.: Understanding traffic dynamics in cellular data networks. In: INFOCOM, 2011 Proceedings IEEE, pp. 882–890. IEEE (2011)
13.
go back to reference Gao, X., Edfors, O., Tufvesson, F., Larsson, E.G.: Massive MIMO in real propagation environments: do all antennas contribute equally? IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 63(11), 3917–3928 (2015)CrossRef Gao, X., Edfors, O., Tufvesson, F., Larsson, E.G.: Massive MIMO in real propagation environments: do all antennas contribute equally? IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 63(11), 3917–3928 (2015)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Parkvall, S., Furuskar, A., Dahlman, E.: Evolution of LTE toward IMT-Advanced. IEEE Commun. Mag. 49(2), 84–91 (2011)CrossRef Parkvall, S., Furuskar, A., Dahlman, E.: Evolution of LTE toward IMT-Advanced. IEEE Commun. Mag. 49(2), 84–91 (2011)CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Tao, L., Wang, Y., Gao, Y., Chi, N.: High order CAP system using DML for short reach optical communications. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26(13), 1348–1351 (2014)CrossRef Tao, L., Wang, Y., Gao, Y., Chi, N.: High order CAP system using DML for short reach optical communications. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26(13), 1348–1351 (2014)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Liu, X., Effenberger, F.: Emerging optical access network technologies for 5G wireless. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(12), B70–B79 (2016)CrossRef Liu, X., Effenberger, F.: Emerging optical access network technologies for 5G wireless. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(12), B70–B79 (2016)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Gao, Y., Cartledge, J.C., Yam, S.S.-H., Rezania, A., Matsui, Y.: 112 Gb/s PAM-4 using a directly modulated laser with linear pre-compensation and nonlinear post-compensation. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), paper M.2.C.2 (2016) Gao, Y., Cartledge, J.C., Yam, S.S.-H., Rezania, A., Matsui, Y.: 112 Gb/s PAM-4 using a directly modulated laser with linear pre-compensation and nonlinear post-compensation. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), paper M.2.C.2 (2016)
18.
go back to reference Matsui, Y.: 28-Gbaud PAM4 and 56-Gb/s NRZ performance comparison using 1310-nm Al-BH DFB lasers. J. Lightwave Technol. 34(11), 2677–2683 (2016)MathSciNetCrossRef Matsui, Y.: 28-Gbaud PAM4 and 56-Gb/s NRZ performance comparison using 1310-nm Al-BH DFB lasers. J. Lightwave Technol. 34(11), 2677–2683 (2016)MathSciNetCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Zhang, K., Zhuge, Q., Xin, H., He, H., Hu, W., Plant, D.V.: Low-Cost WDM fronthaul enabled by partitioned asymmetric AWGR with simultaneous flexible transceiver assignment and chirp management. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(10), 876–888 (2017)CrossRef Zhang, K., Zhuge, Q., Xin, H., He, H., Hu, W., Plant, D.V.: Low-Cost WDM fronthaul enabled by partitioned asymmetric AWGR with simultaneous flexible transceiver assignment and chirp management. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(10), 876–888 (2017)CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Xue, L., Yi, L., Hu, W.: 4 × 25-Gb/s NRZ-OOK signals transmission over a 160-km single-mode fiber using 10G-class DML and photodiode. IEEE Photon. J. 10(3), 7103508 (2018) Xue, L., Yi, L., Hu, W.: 4 × 25-Gb/s NRZ-OOK signals transmission over a 160-km single-mode fiber using 10G-class DML and photodiode. IEEE Photon. J. 10(3), 7103508 (2018)
21.
go back to reference Zhang, K., Zhuge, Q., Xin, H., Morsy-Osman, M., El-Fiky, E., Yi, L., Hu, W., Plant, D.V.: Intensity directed equalizer for the mitigation of DML chirp induced distortion in dispersion-unmanaged C-band PAM transmission. Opt. Express 25, 28123–28135 (2017)CrossRef Zhang, K., Zhuge, Q., Xin, H., Morsy-Osman, M., El-Fiky, E., Yi, L., Hu, W., Plant, D.V.: Intensity directed equalizer for the mitigation of DML chirp induced distortion in dispersion-unmanaged C-band PAM transmission. Opt. Express 25, 28123–28135 (2017)CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Xin, H., Zhang, K., Zhuge, Q., Yi, L., Hu, W., Plant, D.V.: Transmission of 100 Gb/s PAM4 signals over 15 km dispersion-unmanaged SSMF using a directly modulated laser in C-band. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (2018) Xin, H., Zhang, K., Zhuge, Q., Yi, L., Hu, W., Plant, D.V.: Transmission of 100 Gb/s PAM4 signals over 15 km dispersion-unmanaged SSMF using a directly modulated laser in C-band. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (2018)
23.
go back to reference Miao, X., Bi, M., Fu, Y., Li, L., Hu, W.: Experimental study of NRZ, duobinary, and PAM-4 in O-band DML-based 100G-EPON. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(29), 1940–1943 (2017) Miao, X., Bi, M., Fu, Y., Li, L., Hu, W.: Experimental study of NRZ, duobinary, and PAM-4 in O-band DML-based 100G-EPON. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(29), 1940–1943 (2017)
24.
go back to reference Zhang, K., Zhuge, Q., Xin, H., Xing, Z., Xiang, M., Fan, S., Yi, L.L., Hu, W.S., Plant, D.V.: Demonstration of 50 Gb/s/λ symmetric PAM4 TDM-PON with 10G-class optics and DSP-free ONUs in the O-band. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, paper M1B.5 (2018) Zhang, K., Zhuge, Q., Xin, H., Xing, Z., Xiang, M., Fan, S., Yi, L.L., Hu, W.S., Plant, D.V.: Demonstration of 50 Gb/s/λ symmetric PAM4 TDM-PON with 10G-class optics and DSP-free ONUs in the O-band. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, paper M1B.5 (2018)
25.
go back to reference Xin, H., Zhang, K., Hussain, S.B., Li, L., Fu, Y., Guo, Z., He, H., Hu, W.: Flexible hybrid PAM2/4 for fidelity optimization in digital mobile fronthaul. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30(7), 599–602 (2018)CrossRef Xin, H., Zhang, K., Hussain, S.B., Li, L., Fu, Y., Guo, Z., He, H., Hu, W.: Flexible hybrid PAM2/4 for fidelity optimization in digital mobile fronthaul. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30(7), 599–602 (2018)CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Xin, H., Zhang, K., He, H., Hu, W., Zhang, M.: Fidelity enhancement in high-data-rate digital mobile fronthaul with sample bits interleaving and unequally-spaced PAM4. Opt. Express 25(5), 5559–5570 (2017)CrossRef Xin, H., Zhang, K., He, H., Hu, W., Zhang, M.: Fidelity enhancement in high-data-rate digital mobile fronthaul with sample bits interleaving and unequally-spaced PAM4. Opt. Express 25(5), 5559–5570 (2017)CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Xin, H., Zhang, K., He, H., Zhang, M., Hu, W.: High tolerance against chirp induced PAM4 eye skewing in DML-based digital mobile fronthaul with 11 dB EVM reduction. In: ECOC, paper M1B.3 (2017) Xin, H., Zhang, K., He, H., Zhang, M., Hu, W.: High tolerance against chirp induced PAM4 eye skewing in DML-based digital mobile fronthaul with 11 dB EVM reduction. In: ECOC, paper M1B.3 (2017)
28.
go back to reference Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network, 3GPPP Tech. Rep. 38.801 (Release 14) Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network, 3GPPP Tech. Rep. 38.801 (Release 14)
30.
go back to reference Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) alliance: Overview on 5G RAN Functional Decomposition, white paper, February (2018) Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) alliance: Overview on 5G RAN Functional Decomposition, white paper, February (2018)
31.
go back to reference GPP TR 38.816 V15.0.0 TSG RAN: Study on CU-DU lower layer split for NR (2017) GPP TR 38.816 V15.0.0 TSG RAN: Study on CU-DU lower layer split for NR (2017)
32.
go back to reference Li, L., Bi, M., Wang, W., Fu, Y., Miao, X., Hu, W.: SINR-oriented flexible quantization bits for optical-wireless deep converged eCPRI. In: Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling, pp. 172–177, Ireland (2018) Li, L., Bi, M., Wang, W., Fu, Y., Miao, X., Hu, W.: SINR-oriented flexible quantization bits for optical-wireless deep converged eCPRI. In: Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling, pp. 172–177, Ireland (2018)
33.
go back to reference Bartelt, J., Vucic, N., Camps-Mur, D., Garcia-Villegas, E., Demirkol, I., Fehske, A., Grieger, M., Tzanakaki, A., Gutiérrez, J., Grass, E., Lyberopoulos, G., Fettweis, G.: 5G transport network requirements for the next generation fronthaul interface. J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2017, 89 (2017)CrossRef Bartelt, J., Vucic, N., Camps-Mur, D., Garcia-Villegas, E., Demirkol, I., Fehske, A., Grieger, M., Tzanakaki, A., Gutiérrez, J., Grass, E., Lyberopoulos, G., Fettweis, G.: 5G transport network requirements for the next generation fronthaul interface. J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2017, 89 (2017)CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Dötsch, U., Doll, M., Mayer, H.P., Schaich, F., Segel, J., Sehier, P.: Quantitative analysis of split base station processing and determination of advantageous architectures for LTE. Bell Labs Tech. J. 18(1), 105–128 (2013)CrossRef Dötsch, U., Doll, M., Mayer, H.P., Schaich, F., Segel, J., Sehier, P.: Quantitative analysis of split base station processing and determination of advantageous architectures for LTE. Bell Labs Tech. J. 18(1), 105–128 (2013)CrossRef
35.
go back to reference GPP, TS 36.814, v9.2.0: Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects (Release 12) (2017) GPP, TS 36.814, v9.2.0: Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects (Release 12) (2017)
36.
go back to reference Li, L., Bi, M., Miao, X., Fu, Y., Zhang, M., Hu, W.: Quantization-noise suppression for uplink eCPRI assisted by wireless-channel estimation feedback. In: European Conference on Optical Communication, TH2.63 (2018) Li, L., Bi, M., Miao, X., Fu, Y., Zhang, M., Hu, W.: Quantization-noise suppression for uplink eCPRI assisted by wireless-channel estimation feedback. In: European Conference on Optical Communication, TH2.63 (2018)
37.
go back to reference Zeng, H., Liu, X., Megeed, S., Chand, N., Effenberger, F.: Real-time demonstration of CPRI-compatible efficient mobile fronthaul using FPGA. J. Lightwave Technol. 35(6), 1241–1247 (2017)CrossRef Zeng, H., Liu, X., Megeed, S., Chand, N., Effenberger, F.: Real-time demonstration of CPRI-compatible efficient mobile fronthaul using FPGA. J. Lightwave Technol. 35(6), 1241–1247 (2017)CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Liu, F., Xu, M., Cheng, L., Wang, J., Sheng, S., Su, C., Chang, G.K.: Efficient mobile fronthaul serving massive MIMO new radio services using single-IF with Sample-wise TDM for reduced RRH complexity and ultra-low latency. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, TH3A.4 (2017) Liu, F., Xu, M., Cheng, L., Wang, J., Sheng, S., Su, C., Chang, G.K.: Efficient mobile fronthaul serving massive MIMO new radio services using single-IF with Sample-wise TDM for reduced RRH complexity and ultra-low latency. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, TH3A.4 (2017)
39.
go back to reference Li, L., Bi, M., Miao, X., Fu, Y., Hu, W.: High-fidelity and low-latency mobile fronthaul based on segment-wise TDM and MIMO-interleaved arraying. Opt. Express 26(2), 2079–2088 (2018)CrossRef Li, L., Bi, M., Miao, X., Fu, Y., Hu, W.: High-fidelity and low-latency mobile fronthaul based on segment-wise TDM and MIMO-interleaved arraying. Opt. Express 26(2), 2079–2088 (2018)CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Li, L., Bi, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, K., Miao, X., Hu, W.: An IF-free TDM fronthaul aggregating two 128-MIMO signals with enhanced spectral efficiency using baseband sample interleaved gathering. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Tu2I.6 (2018) Li, L., Bi, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, K., Miao, X., Hu, W.: An IF-free TDM fronthaul aggregating two 128-MIMO signals with enhanced spectral efficiency using baseband sample interleaved gathering. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Tu2I.6 (2018)
41.
go back to reference Chin-Lin, I., Rowell, C., Han, S., Xu, Z., Li, G., Pan, Z. Toward Green and Soft: A 5G Perspective. IEEE Comm. Mag. 52, 66–73 (2014) Chin-Lin, I., Rowell, C., Han, S., Xu, Z., Li, G., Pan, Z. Toward Green and Soft: A 5G Perspective. IEEE Comm. Mag. 52, 66–73 (2014)
42.
go back to reference Quek, T.Q.S, Peng, M., Simeone, O., Yu, W. Cloud Radio Access Networks, Principles, Technologies, and Applications, Cambridge University Press (2017) Quek, T.Q.S, Peng, M., Simeone, O., Yu, W. Cloud Radio Access Networks, Principles, Technologies, and Applications, Cambridge University Press (2017)
43.
go back to reference Megeed, S., Liu, X., Zeng, H., Effenberger, F.: Demonstration of a FPGA-based CPRI-over-ethernet real-time system achieving 120 Gb/s throughput over a 10-km SSMF link with 16 Bi-directional 10GE connections. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1–3, paper Th4B.2 (2017) Megeed, S., Liu, X., Zeng, H., Effenberger, F.: Demonstration of a FPGA-based CPRI-over-ethernet real-time system achieving 120 Gb/s throughput over a 10-km SSMF link with 16 Bi-directional 10GE connections. In: Proceedings of OFC, pp. 1–3, paper Th4B.2 (2017)
44.
go back to reference Liu, C., Zhang, L., Zhu, M., Wang, J., Cheng, L., Chang, G.-K.: A novel multi-service small-cell cloud radio access network for mobile backhaul and computing based on radio-over-fiber technologies. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 31(17), 2869–2875 (2013)CrossRef Liu, C., Zhang, L., Zhu, M., Wang, J., Cheng, L., Chang, G.-K.: A novel multi-service small-cell cloud radio access network for mobile backhaul and computing based on radio-over-fiber technologies. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 31(17), 2869–2875 (2013)CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Iida, D., Kuwano, S., Kani, J., Terada, J.: Dynamic TWDM PON for mobile radio access networks. Opt. Express 21, 26209–26218 (2013)CrossRef Iida, D., Kuwano, S., Kani, J., Terada, J.: Dynamic TWDM PON for mobile radio access networks. Opt. Express 21, 26209–26218 (2013)CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Schrenk, B., Poppe, A., Stierle, M., Leopold, H.: Fully passive optical switch introducing dynamicity and flexibility to metro-access. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27(5), 486–489 (2015)CrossRef Schrenk, B., Poppe, A., Stierle, M., Leopold, H.: Fully passive optical switch introducing dynamicity and flexibility to metro-access. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27(5), 486–489 (2015)CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Hu, W., Yi, L., He, H., Yang, X., Li, Z., Bi, M., Zhang, K., Xin, H., Liu, Y., Du, W.: Soft-stacked PON for soft C-RAN. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(11), B12–B20 (2016)CrossRef Hu, W., Yi, L., He, H., Yang, X., Li, Z., Bi, M., Zhang, K., Xin, H., Liu, Y., Du, W.: Soft-stacked PON for soft C-RAN. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(11), B12–B20 (2016)CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Tao, L., Wang, Y., Xiao, J., Chi, N.: Enhanced performance of 400 Gb/s DML-based CAP systems using optical filtering technique for short reach communication. Opt. Express 22(24), 29331–29339 (2014)CrossRef Tao, L., Wang, Y., Xiao, J., Chi, N.: Enhanced performance of 400 Gb/s DML-based CAP systems using optical filtering technique for short reach communication. Opt. Express 22(24), 29331–29339 (2014)CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Yan, L.S., Wang, Y., Zhang, B., Yu, C., McGeehan, J., Paraschis, L., Willner, A.E.: Reach extension in 10-Gb/s directly modulated transmission systems using asymmetric and narrowband optical filtering. Opt. Express 13, 5106–5115 (2005)CrossRef Yan, L.S., Wang, Y., Zhang, B., Yu, C., McGeehan, J., Paraschis, L., Willner, A.E.: Reach extension in 10-Gb/s directly modulated transmission systems using asymmetric and narrowband optical filtering. Opt. Express 13, 5106–5115 (2005)CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Bi, M., Xiao, S., Yi, L., He, H., Li, J., Hu, W.: Power budget improvement low-cost symmetric 40-Gb/s DML-based TWDM-PON. Opt. Express 22(6), 6925–6933 (2014)CrossRef Bi, M., Xiao, S., Yi, L., He, H., Li, J., Hu, W.: Power budget improvement low-cost symmetric 40-Gb/s DML-based TWDM-PON. Opt. Express 22(6), 6925–6933 (2014)CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Du, W., Xin, H., He, H., Hu, W.: A resource sharing C-RAN architecture with wavelength selective switching and parallel uplink signal detection. In: Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP), Hong Kong (2015) Du, W., Xin, H., He, H., Hu, W.: A resource sharing C-RAN architecture with wavelength selective switching and parallel uplink signal detection. In: Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP), Hong Kong (2015)
52.
go back to reference Xin, H., He, H., Zhang, K., Hussain, S.B., Hu, W.: Flexible baseband-unit aggregation enabled by reconfigurable multi-IF over WDM fronthaul. IEEE Photon. J. 10(1), 7200210 (2018)CrossRef Xin, H., He, H., Zhang, K., Hussain, S.B., Hu, W.: Flexible baseband-unit aggregation enabled by reconfigurable multi-IF over WDM fronthaul. IEEE Photon. J. 10(1), 7200210 (2018)CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Mikaeil, A.M., Hu, W.S., Ye, T., Hussain, S.B.: Performance evaluation of XG-PON based mobile front-haul transport in cloud-RAN architecture. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(11), 984–994 (2017)CrossRef Mikaeil, A.M., Hu, W.S., Ye, T., Hussain, S.B.: Performance evaluation of XG-PON based mobile front-haul transport in cloud-RAN architecture. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(11), 984–994 (2017)CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Ammar, D., Begin, T., Guerin-Lassous, I.: A new tool for generating realistic internet traffic in ns-3. In: Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering) (2011) Ammar, D., Begin, T., Guerin-Lassous, I.: A new tool for generating realistic internet traffic in ns-3. In: Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering) (2011)
55.
go back to reference Yoshimoto, N.: Operator perspective on next-generation optical access for future radio access. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC). IEEE, pp. 376–381 (2014) Yoshimoto, N.: Operator perspective on next-generation optical access for future radio access. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC). IEEE, pp. 376–381 (2014)
56.
go back to reference Small Cell Forum SCF159: Small cell virtualization functional splits and use cases, version 159.07.02. (2016) Small Cell Forum SCF159: Small cell virtualization functional splits and use cases, version 159.07.02. (2016)
Metadata
Title
A comprehensive optical mobile fronthaul network toward high-fidelity, flexible and low-latency transport
Authors
Weisheng Hu
Hao He
Kuo Zhang
Haiyun Xin
Longsheng Li
Ahmed Mohammed Mikaeil
Publication date
05-04-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Photonic Network Communications / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1387-974X
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8188
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-019-00829-z

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

Photonic Network Communications 3/2019 Go to the issue