A Data-Driven Framework for Whole-Brain Network Modeling with Simultaneous EEG-SEEG Data

Whole-brain network modeling (WBM) offers a pivotal tool to explore the large-scale spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain at rest, during cognitive tasks, and under external stimulation. However, it is unclear how to fuse multi-modal neural dynamics in a united WBM framework and predict the whole-brain spatiotemporal neural responses to electrical stimulation. In this study, we present a computational framework with whole-brain network modeling, parameter optimization, and model validation using simultaneous EEG-SEEG data during intracranial brain stimulation. To test the efficacy of WBM in revealing brain-wide neural dynamics, our experiments utilize synthetic electrophysiological data, real EEG data, and real EEG-SEEG signals. Experimental results demonstrate that our WBM framework accurately captures the spatiotemporal brain activities by jointly leveraging the higher spatial resolution from SEEG and the whole-brain coverage from EEG. Notably, our model shows a higher correlation between the functional connectivity (FC) matrix of EEG and that of the inferred whole-brain neural dynamics from WBM (r=0.86), compared to the FC from EEG source localization (r=0.48). Together, we demonstrate the capability and flexibility of WBM framework to uncover the whole-brain spatiotemporal neural activity and its potential to provide new insights into the input-response mechanism of the brain.