Skip to main content
Top
Published in:
Cover of the book

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

A Distributed Multilevel Force-Directed Algorithm

Authors : Alessio Arleo, Walter Didimo, Giuseppe Liotta, Fabrizio Montecchiani

Published in: Graph Drawing and Network Visualization

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The wide availability of powerful and inexpensive cloud computing services naturally motivates the study of distributed graph layout algorithms, able to scale to very large graphs. Nowadays, to process Big Data, companies are increasingly relying on PaaS infrastructures rather than buying and maintaining complex and expensive hardware. So far, only a few examples of basic force-directed algorithms that work in a distributed environment have been described. Instead, the design of a distributed multilevel force-directed algorithm is a much more challenging task, not yet addressed. We present the first multilevel force-directed algorithm based on a distributed vertex-centric paradigm, and its implementation on Giraph, a popular platform for distributed graph algorithms. Experiments show the effectiveness and the scalability of the approach. Using an inexpensive cloud computing service of Amazon, we draw graphs with ten million edges in about 60 min.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
7.
go back to reference Arleo, A., Didimo, W., Liotta, G., Montecchiani, F.: A million edge drawing for a fistful of dollars. In: Di Giacomo, E., Lubiw, A. (eds.) GD 2015. LNCS, vol. 9411, pp. 44–51. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27261-0_4 CrossRef Arleo, A., Didimo, W., Liotta, G., Montecchiani, F.: A million edge drawing for a fistful of dollars. In: Di Giacomo, E., Lubiw, A. (eds.) GD 2015. LNCS, vol. 9411, pp. 44–51. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-319-27261-0_​4 CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Bartel, G., Gutwenger, C., Klein, K., Mutzel, P.: An experimental evaluation of multilevel layout methods. In: Brandes, U., Cornelsen, S. (eds.) GD 2010. LNCS, vol. 6502, pp. 80–91. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18469-7_8 CrossRef Bartel, G., Gutwenger, C., Klein, K., Mutzel, P.: An experimental evaluation of multilevel layout methods. In: Brandes, U., Cornelsen, S. (eds.) GD 2010. LNCS, vol. 6502, pp. 80–91. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-18469-7_​8 CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Chae, S., Majumder, A., Gopi, M.: Hd-graphviz: Highly distributed graph visualization on tiled displays. In: ICVGIP 2012, pp. 43: 1–43: 8. ACM (2012) Chae, S., Majumder, A., Gopi, M.: Hd-graphviz: Highly distributed graph visualization on tiled displays. In: ICVGIP 2012, pp. 43: 1–43: 8. ACM (2012)
10.
go back to reference Chimani, M., Gutwenger, C., Jünger, M., Klau, G.W., Klein, K., Mutzel, P.: The open graph drawing framework (OGDF). In: Tamassia, R. (ed.) Handbook on Graph Drawing and Visualization, pp. 543–569. CRC, Boca Raton (2013). http://www.ogdf.net/ Chimani, M., Gutwenger, C., Jünger, M., Klau, G.W., Klein, K., Mutzel, P.: The open graph drawing framework (OGDF). In: Tamassia, R. (ed.) Handbook on Graph Drawing and Visualization, pp. 543–569. CRC, Boca Raton (2013). http://​www.​ogdf.​net/​
11.
go back to reference Ching, A.: Giraph: large-scale graph processing infrastructure on hadoop. In: Hadoop Summit (2011) Ching, A.: Giraph: large-scale graph processing infrastructure on hadoop. In: Hadoop Summit (2011)
12.
go back to reference Ching, A., Edunov, S., Kabiljo, M., Logothetis, D., Muthukrishnan, S.: One trillion edges: graph processing at facebook-scale. PVLDB 8(12), 1804–1815 (2015) Ching, A., Edunov, S., Kabiljo, M., Logothetis, D., Muthukrishnan, S.: One trillion edges: graph processing at facebook-scale. PVLDB 8(12), 1804–1815 (2015)
14.
go back to reference Fruchterman, T.M.J., Reingold, E.M.: Graph drawing by force-directed placement. Softw. Pract. Exp. 21(11), 1129–1164 (1991)CrossRef Fruchterman, T.M.J., Reingold, E.M.: Graph drawing by force-directed placement. Softw. Pract. Exp. 21(11), 1129–1164 (1991)CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Gajer, P., Goodrich, M.T., Kobourov, S.G.: A multi-dimensional approach to force-directed layouts of large graphs. Comput. Geom. 29(1), 3–18 (2004)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Gajer, P., Goodrich, M.T., Kobourov, S.G.: A multi-dimensional approach to force-directed layouts of large graphs. Comput. Geom. 29(1), 3–18 (2004)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
16.
go back to reference Godiyal, A., Hoberock, J., Garland, M., Hart, J.C.: Rapid multipole graph drawing on the GPU. In: Tollis, I.G., Patrignani, M. (eds.) GD 2008. LNCS, vol. 5417, pp. 90–101. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00219-9_10 CrossRef Godiyal, A., Hoberock, J., Garland, M., Hart, J.C.: Rapid multipole graph drawing on the GPU. In: Tollis, I.G., Patrignani, M. (eds.) GD 2008. LNCS, vol. 5417, pp. 90–101. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-00219-9_​10 CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Hachul, S., Jünger, M.: Large-graph layout algorithms at work: an experimental study. J. Graph Algorithms Appl. 11(2), 345–369 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Hachul, S., Jünger, M.: Large-graph layout algorithms at work: an experimental study. J. Graph Algorithms Appl. 11(2), 345–369 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
21.
22.
go back to reference Hinge, A., Auber, D.: Distributed graph layout with Spark. In: IV 2015, pp. 271–276. IEEE (2015) Hinge, A., Auber, D.: Distributed graph layout with Spark. In: IV 2015, pp. 271–276. IEEE (2015)
23.
go back to reference Hu, Y.: Efficient, high-quality force-directed graph drawing. Mathematica J. 10(1), 37–71 (2005) Hu, Y.: Efficient, high-quality force-directed graph drawing. Mathematica J. 10(1), 37–71 (2005)
24.
go back to reference Ingram, S., Munzner, T., Olano, M.: Glimmer: Multilevel MDS on the GPU. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 15(2), 249–261 (2009)CrossRef Ingram, S., Munzner, T., Olano, M.: Glimmer: Multilevel MDS on the GPU. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 15(2), 249–261 (2009)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Kobourov, S.G.: Force-directed drawing algorithms. In: Tamassia, R. (ed.) Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013) Kobourov, S.G.: Force-directed drawing algorithms. In: Tamassia, R. (ed.) Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013)
26.
go back to reference Malewicz, G., Austern, M.H., Bik, A.J., Dehnert, J.C., Horn, I., Leiser, N., Czajkowski, G.: Pregel: A system for large-scale graph processing. In: SIGMOD 2010, pp. 135–146. ACM (2010) Malewicz, G., Austern, M.H., Bik, A.J., Dehnert, J.C., Horn, I., Leiser, N., Czajkowski, G.: Pregel: A system for large-scale graph processing. In: SIGMOD 2010, pp. 135–146. ACM (2010)
27.
go back to reference Mueller, C., Gregor, D., Lumsdaine, A.: Distributed force-directed graph layout and visualization. In: EGPGV 2006, pp. 83–90. Eurographics (2006) Mueller, C., Gregor, D., Lumsdaine, A.: Distributed force-directed graph layout and visualization. In: EGPGV 2006, pp. 83–90. Eurographics (2006)
29.
go back to reference Sharma, P., Khurana, U., Shneiderman, B., Scharrenbroich, M., Locke, J.: Speeding up network layout and centrality measures for social computing goals. In: Salerno, J., Yang, S.J., Nau, D., Chai, S.-K. (eds.) SBP 2011. LNCS, vol. 6589, pp. 244–251. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19656-0_35 CrossRef Sharma, P., Khurana, U., Shneiderman, B., Scharrenbroich, M., Locke, J.: Speeding up network layout and centrality measures for social computing goals. In: Salerno, J., Yang, S.J., Nau, D., Chai, S.-K. (eds.) SBP 2011. LNCS, vol. 6589, pp. 244–251. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-19656-0_​35 CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Tikhonova, A., Ma, K.: A scalable parallel force-directed graph layout algorithm. In: EGPGV 2008, pp. 25–32. Eurographics (2008) Tikhonova, A., Ma, K.: A scalable parallel force-directed graph layout algorithm. In: EGPGV 2008, pp. 25–32. Eurographics (2008)
31.
go back to reference Valiant, L.G.: A bridging model for parallel computation. Commun. ACM 33(8), 103–111 (1990)CrossRef Valiant, L.G.: A bridging model for parallel computation. Commun. ACM 33(8), 103–111 (1990)CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Vaquero, L.M., Cuadrado, F., Logothetis, D., Martella, C.: Adaptive partitioning for large-scale dynamic graphs. In: ICDCS 2014, pp. 144–153. IEEE (2014) Vaquero, L.M., Cuadrado, F., Logothetis, D., Martella, C.: Adaptive partitioning for large-scale dynamic graphs. In: ICDCS 2014, pp. 144–153. IEEE (2014)
34.
go back to reference Yunis, E., Yokota, R., Ahmadia, A.: Scalable force directed graph layout algorithms using fast multipole methods. In: ISPDC 2012, pp. 180–187. IEEE (2012) Yunis, E., Yokota, R., Ahmadia, A.: Scalable force directed graph layout algorithms using fast multipole methods. In: ISPDC 2012, pp. 180–187. IEEE (2012)
35.
go back to reference Zinsmaier, M., Brandes, U., Deussen, O., Strobelt, H.: Interactive level-of-detail rendering of large graphs. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 18(12), 2486–2495 (2012)CrossRef Zinsmaier, M., Brandes, U., Deussen, O., Strobelt, H.: Interactive level-of-detail rendering of large graphs. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 18(12), 2486–2495 (2012)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
A Distributed Multilevel Force-Directed Algorithm
Authors
Alessio Arleo
Walter Didimo
Giuseppe Liotta
Fabrizio Montecchiani
Copyright Year
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50106-2_1

Premium Partner