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Archive of Applied Mechanics
Published in: Archive of Applied Mechanics 5/2021

24-01-2021 | Original

A Galerkin approach to analyze MHD flow of nanofluid along converging/diverging channels

Authors: Muhammad Hamid, Muhammad Usman, Rizwan Ul Haq, Zhenfu Tian

Published in: Archive of Applied Mechanics | Issue 5/2021

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Abstract

In this article, we numerically analyzed the MHD flow of a nanofluid in converging/diverging channels through the Galerkin approach. The walls are assumed to be stretchable. The governing equations of flow are reduced to nonlinear ODE system by using the appropriate nondimensionalized technique. The results are simulated numerically by means of Galerkin method. A detailed evaluation of outcomes obtained by Galerkin scheme with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique (RK-4) is available to support our numerical results. The significant effects of the various physical parameters are presented graphically. Prandtl numbers cause an increase in the temperature profile, while they cause a decrease in the concentration profile. The shrinking decreases the fluid velocity nearby the channel walls, while the stretching of diverging channel provides an enhancement in flow nearby the channel walls. An identical behavior is found for the convergent channel. The influence of Grashof numbers is negligible but effect of opposing flow forces is a little dominant than assisting flow forces. The comparative study with existing literature and RK-4 as well as convergence analysis indicates that the proposed method is an efficient mathematical tool to analyze the problems arising in mechanics.
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Metadata
Title
A Galerkin approach to analyze MHD flow of nanofluid along converging/diverging channels
Authors
Muhammad Hamid
Muhammad Usman
Rizwan Ul Haq
Zhenfu Tian
Publication date
24-01-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Archive of Applied Mechanics / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0939-1533
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-020-01861-6

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