A Modified Ultrasound-Integrated Double-Wall Triaxial Apparatus for Creep Tests of Frozen Soils

The article delves into the critical need to understand the mechanical properties of frozen soils, particularly in the context of climate change and its impact on permafrost regions. It discusses the evolution of triaxial testing apparatuses, from their inception to modern modifications, emphasizing the importance of accurate controls and measurements. The text explores the challenges of measuring volume changes in frozen soil samples, particularly when phase changes occur near the freezing point. Traditional methods, such as using displacement transducers and laser sensors, are reviewed, along with their limitations. The article introduces a modified ultrasound-integrated double-wall triaxial apparatus designed to overcome these limitations, enhancing the sensitivity and accuracy of measurements. It also highlights the role of ultrasonic techniques in assessing the mechanical properties of frozen soils, providing insights into the relationship between ice content and wave velocities. The article concludes by discussing the implications of these advancements for mitigating the adverse effects of frost action and freeze-thaw cycles on geostructures, offering a glimpse into the future of geotechnical engineering in cold regions.