A multifunctional Ag-embedded ZnO nanocomposite for the maximization of photocatalytic, electrochemical water splitting, and supercapacitor performance

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a multifunctional Ag-embedded ZnO nanocomposite, focusing on its enhanced performance in photocatalysis, electrochemical water splitting, and supercapacitor applications. The nanocomposite is synthesized using a simple microwave irradiation method, incorporating silver nanoparticles to improve visible light absorption and suppress electron-hole recombination. The study demonstrates the nanocomposite's superior photocatalytic degradation of various dyes and antibiotics, achieving removal rates of up to 95%. Additionally, the nanocomposite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, with high hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction rates, and a specific capacitance of 975 F/g. The research highlights the formation of a Schottky barrier at the metal-semiconductor interface, which prolongs the lifespan of photogenerated electrons and enhances light-harvesting capabilities. Trapping experiments identify hydroxyl radicals and holes as the primary reactive species responsible for the degradation process. The study also includes a comparative analysis with existing materials, emphasizing the nanocomposite's potential for large-scale deployment in environmental remediation and energy storage applications.