A Simple, Compatible, and Extensible Big History Framework and Periodization Based on Previous Findings

The chapter presents a compelling argument for dividing the timeline of Big History into distinct periods rather than a continuous narrative, highlighting the practical benefits for teaching and research. It explores the Thresholds approach, which focuses on key events and their prerequisites, and discusses the categorization of Big History events based on critical mechanisms of complex adaptive systems. The text delves into the uncertainties and challenges in organizing and interpreting Big History events, questioning whether they should be divided into time periods or processes. It introduces a phenomenological model that addresses the structure of Big History to illuminate common processes, shifting the discussion from what happened to how and why it happened. The chapter also examines trends in Big History, identified through various measures such as energy flow rates, changes in the universe's physical form, and advances in adaptation through learning. It proposes a set of criteria for evaluating frameworks for periodization, emphasizing the need for a simple, phenomenological model that can interpret and integrate disciplines. The synthesis of previous research leads to a proposed framework that distinguishes between cosmic and terrestrial phases, each with its unique dynamics. The chapter discusses the acceleration of terrestrial evolution, the role of energy flow, and the nested structure of evolutionary phases. It also explores the potential pattern extension of Big History, considering future scenarios and the implications of a singularity growth trend. The text concludes by evaluating the proposed framework against established criteria and comparing it with other periodization models, providing a comprehensive overview of the complexities and uncertainties in Big History.