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2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. A Socio-political Perspective on the Adriatic-Ionian Area

Authors : Stefano Bianchini, Silvia Cittadini, Marco Zoppi

Published in: Social Entrepreneurship and Migrants' Inclusion

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

This chapter provides a description of the Adriatic-Ionian area with a specific focus on both existing and potential initiatives for regional cooperation. This approach is supported by the analysis of the main socio-demographic trends in the area that suggests the existence of a number of common challenges with societal implications, for which policy coordination can be more effective and beneficial. These challenges include depopulation and declining fertility rates. However, cooperation in the area is ultimately dependent on political factors, such as the “unfinished” EU enlargement as well as the lack of reconciliation in the Balkans. In these respects, the key political actors involved in the area should look at the various initiatives on inter-ethnic dialogue and reconciliation started by civil society organizations, which seem to be often more well-disposed to transform the social and political context of the Adriatic-Ionian than their leaders. Addressing these political issues is essential for territorial development and for better addressing the social needs of the population.

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previous chapter An Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship and Migrants’ Inclusion in the Adriatic-Ionian Region
next chapter Socio-economic Inclusion of Migrants in the Adriatic-Ionian Area: Dynamics, Policies and Challenges
Footnotes
1
Compared to EUSAIR, at the time of writing this chapter the Adrion Interreg Programme’s cooperation does not include San Marino. Moreover, it is important to underline that the said cooperation area incorporates only parts of Italy, namely 12 regions and 2 provinces (Abruzzo, Molise, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicilia, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lombardia, Emilia-Romagna, Umbria and Marche).
 
2
This term intends to refer to the area including: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia. This same term is used to refer to the migration route passing through these countries (Western Balkan Route) and, for this reason, it is used in this study.
 
5
Friuli Venezia-Giulia, Veneto, Lombardia, the two autonomous provinces of Trento and Bolzano, Emilia-Romagna, Marche, Umbria, Abruzzo, Molise, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicilia (for a total of 12 regions and 2 provinces).
 
6
EUSAIR, established in 2014.
 
7
EUSBSR, established in 2009.
 
8
EUSDR, established in 2011.
 
9
EUSALP, established in 2016.
 
10
If we consider Italy’s 12 Regions and 2 Provinces actually included in Adrion, and thus not the country in its entirety, the decline amount instead to almost 5%, with a total population estimated at 32,305,000 in 2022.
 
11
Information retrieved on ISTAT database.
 
12
A recent study suggests though that in Serbia, Montenegro and North Macedonia there has been also “evidence of brain gain” (Leitner, 2021).
 
13
Data for Bosnia and Herzegovina are not available on Eurostat.
 
14
Defined by Eurostat as: the mean number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the fertility rates by age of a given year, and surviving. All data are from Eurostat, except for Bosnia-Herzegovina, for which we have resorted to the statistics of the National Statistical Office.
 
17
“NUTS” stands for Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, namely the hierarchical system for dividing up the economic territory in use at Eurostat. There are three levels of classification (NUTS1, 2 and 3). NUTS2 corresponds to sub-state units, usually regions, counties according to each state’s own administrative terminology.
 
18
With some exceptions: Bosnia and Herzegovina, where data on the two entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska) have been retrieved within local statistical databases that did not present data for all the years. In the Federation, data on the resident population were available between 2013 and 2019, while in Republika Srpska between 2010 and 2018. In addition, Slovenia does not collect data according to NUTS2 regions, and, therefore, the national level was considered in filling the map. Montenegro, for which NUTS regions do not exist due to the country’s limited extension (data for the entire country are presented in Fig. 2.4). North Macedonia, for which NUTS regions have not been yet established (for this reason, the country appears grey in Figs. 2.4 and 2.5).
 
19
The Greek region of Voreio Aigaio includes 9 islands that are located in front to Turkey. They include the islands of Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Ikaria and Lemnos.
 
20
Data for Albania, Montenegro and North Macedonia were either not available or not applicable (cf. footnote 14).
 
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Metadata
Title
A Socio-political Perspective on the Adriatic-Ionian Area
Authors
Stefano Bianchini
Silvia Cittadini
Marco Zoppi
Copyright Year
2024
Book
Social Entrepreneurship and Migrants' Inclusion

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-55790-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-55791-0

Copyright Year: 2024

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55791-0_2

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