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2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

A Study on Biochar-Cementitious Composites Toward Carbon–Neutral Architecture

Authors : Nikol Kirova, Areti Markopoulou

Published in: Architecture and Design for Industry 4.0

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The chapter 'A Study on Biochar-Cementitious Composites Toward Carbon–Neutral Architecture' delves into the urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions in the construction sector, which is a significant contributor to global warming. It highlights the environmental impact of concrete production and the potential of biochar as a sustainable alternative. The study explores the use of biochar in cementitious materials, its carbon sequestration capabilities, and its potential to enhance the environmental performance of concrete. Case studies and applied research projects are presented to demonstrate the practical applications of biochar in architecture. The chapter also discusses the challenges and future research directions in this field, making it a valuable resource for professionals seeking innovative solutions for sustainable construction.

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Abstract

Concrete is currently the second most consumed material in the world, with it’s core ingredient–cement, emitting 900 kg of CO₂ into the atmosphere with each ton produced. Carbon sequestering amendments can help tackle the negative impacts of the concrete construction sector. As the concrete construction industry along with the computational design tools and manufacturers evolve, they move towards new materially and structurally informed construction methods aiming at carbon neutral solutions. The research investigates the use of biochar (carbonised bio-waste) as an aggregate for sustainable cementitious composites. The literature on the topic suggests that the main limitation of biochar as a concrete amendment is the reduction in mechanical properties associated with an increase in biochar content. This chapter, however, approaches this as a design challenge for maximising carbon sequestration while reaching optimal structural performance. Based on the novel biochar-cementitious composites developed in IAAC (the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia), the work further investigates and defines new design principles for traditional building elements so that they can obtain a carbon–neutral or negative footprint. The programmability of the material mix, for instance, combined with additive manufacturing and computational design tools makes it possible to design and manufacture functionally graded architectural elements whose properties vary based on the mechanical or qualitative performance, among others. The research chapter uses three case studies and examines fabrication strategies as well as new techniques for material allocation and performance-driven design toward carbon-negative materially informed building elements. Following the properties and origins of biochar, a novel approach for building structures acting as “carbon sinks” is proposed.

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Title: A Study on Biochar-Cementitious Composites Toward Carbon–Neutral Architecture
Authors: Nikol Kirova
Areti Markopoulou
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Architecture and Design for Industry 4.0
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-36921-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-36922-3

Copyright Year: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36922-3_31

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