A two-stage layout model of battery swapping station network based on urban road net

The full penetration of electric vehicle (EV) is the support for China's dual carbon goal of decarbonizing urban transportation. However, the inadequate layout of EV service facilities, especially the battery swapping station network (BSSN), has hindered the development of EV in cities and the promotion of decarbonization of urban transportation. Therefore, in this paper, a novel BSSN two-stage layout model for EV is proposed by combining the characteristics of urban road net. At the first stage, a comprehensive utility model is constructed to select the candidate site nodes of BSSN by combining the node characteristics of urban road net based on Social Network Analysis (SNA). At the second stage, a layout model of BSSN is proposed to quantify the battery swapping demand and provide the optimal solution of BSSN, based on the comprehensive utility and the cost objective of the battery swapping station (BSS). Finally, the BSSN optimal solution is provided based on the layout model to cover the swapping demand within the Fourth Ring Road of Beijing as a case. In the case study, the consideration of multi-objective is proved to be effective. The optimal service radius for BSS is 5-7 km and 399,127.2t carbon emission reductions that can be generated based on this plan. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of BSS service radius, minimum station number and EV scale is carried out. The layout model of BSSN introduces comprehensive utility into the road net and optimizes the location of BSSN from the perspective of urban planning, and it is of significance to the planning of urban transportation.