Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 14/2019

09-07-2019

A universal strategy towards porous carbons with ultrahigh specific surface area for high-performance symmetric supercapacitor applications

Authors: Honghuo Liang, Tao Sun, Lang Xu, Chaoying Sun, Dewei Wang

Published in: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics | Issue 14/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Porous carbons with ultrahigh specific surface area (> 3000 m2/g) prepared at low KOH/char ratio (e.g. less than 0.5) is of great importance for their future applications, yet this remains a significant challenge due to the uneven dispersion of the activating agent within carbon source. Herein, a universal combination strategy (solid-state reaction at room temperature followed by chemical activation) to prepare ultrahigh surface area porous carbons has been developed. The specific surface area can reach to 3775 m2/g even at a very low KOH/char ratio (0.19), and the morphologies, specific surface and pore size distributions of the products can be simply tuned by the KOH/char ratios. We found the solid-state reaction at room temperature prior to chemical activation is an efficient way to achieve the even dispersion of the activating agent and thus improve the utilization of KOH greatly. As a typical example, the as-obtained EDTA-3 K not only have an ultrahigh specific surface area up to 3614 m2/g, but also deliver a large total pore volume of 2.09 m3/g. Benefited from the ultrahigh specific surface area, hierarchically porous structure and unique morphology, the EDTA-3 K based supercapacitor exhibits excellent capacitive performance in both KOH and Li2SO4 electrolyte. Hence, this study not only exploits a new approach for the synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon materials with ultrahigh specific surface area for electrochemical energy storage applications, but also provides a universal combination strategy to improve the utilization ratio of activating reagent for the producing of porous carbons.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference P. Simon, Y. Gogotsi, B. Dunn, Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin? Science 343, 1210–1211 (2014)CrossRef P. Simon, Y. Gogotsi, B. Dunn, Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin? Science 343, 1210–1211 (2014)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference F. Bonaccorso, L. Colombo, G. Yu, M. Stoller, V. Tozzini, A.C. Ferrari, R.S. Ruoff, V. Pellegrini, Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage. Science 347, 1246501 (2015)CrossRef F. Bonaccorso, L. Colombo, G. Yu, M. Stoller, V. Tozzini, A.C. Ferrari, R.S. Ruoff, V. Pellegrini, Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage. Science 347, 1246501 (2015)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Z. Wu, L. Li, J.M. Yan, X.B. Zhang, Materials design and system construction for conventional and new-concept supercapacitors. Adv. Sci. 4(6), 1600382 (2017)CrossRef Z. Wu, L. Li, J.M. Yan, X.B. Zhang, Materials design and system construction for conventional and new-concept supercapacitors. Adv. Sci. 4(6), 1600382 (2017)CrossRef
4.
go back to reference M. Areir, Y. Xu, D. Harrison, J. Fyson, A study of 3D printed flexible supercapacitors onto silicone rubber substrates. J. Mater. Sci. 28, 18254–18261 (2017) M. Areir, Y. Xu, D. Harrison, J. Fyson, A study of 3D printed flexible supercapacitors onto silicone rubber substrates. J. Mater. Sci. 28, 18254–18261 (2017)
5.
go back to reference J.X. Liang, Z.C. Xiao, Y. Gao, X.H. Xu, D.B. Kong, M. Wagner, L.J. Zhi, Ionothermal strategy towards template-free hierarchical porous carbons for supercapacitive energy storage. Carbon 143, 487–493 (2019)CrossRef J.X. Liang, Z.C. Xiao, Y. Gao, X.H. Xu, D.B. Kong, M. Wagner, L.J. Zhi, Ionothermal strategy towards template-free hierarchical porous carbons for supercapacitive energy storage. Carbon 143, 487–493 (2019)CrossRef
6.
go back to reference L. Sun, Y.M. Zhou, L. Li, H. Zhou, X.Q. Liu, Q.Y. Zhang, B. Gao, Z.Z. Meng, D. Zhou, Y.L. Ma, Facile and green synthesis of 3D honeycomb-like N/S-codoped hierarchically porous carbon materials from bio-protic salt for flexible, temperature-resistant supercapacitors. Appl. Surf. Sci. 467, 382–390 (2019)CrossRef L. Sun, Y.M. Zhou, L. Li, H. Zhou, X.Q. Liu, Q.Y. Zhang, B. Gao, Z.Z. Meng, D. Zhou, Y.L. Ma, Facile and green synthesis of 3D honeycomb-like N/S-codoped hierarchically porous carbon materials from bio-protic salt for flexible, temperature-resistant supercapacitors. Appl. Surf. Sci. 467, 382–390 (2019)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference F. Béguin, V. Presser, A. Balducci, E. Frackowiak, Carbons and electrolytes for advanced supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 26, 2219–2251 (2014)CrossRef F. Béguin, V. Presser, A. Balducci, E. Frackowiak, Carbons and electrolytes for advanced supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 26, 2219–2251 (2014)CrossRef
8.
go back to reference F.X. Wang, X.W. Wu, X.H. Yuan, Z.C. Liu, Y. Zhang, L.J. Fu, Y.S. Zhu, Q.M. Zhou, Y.P. Wu, W. Huang, Latest advances in supercapacitors: from new electrode materials to novel device designs. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46, 6816–6854 (2017)CrossRef F.X. Wang, X.W. Wu, X.H. Yuan, Z.C. Liu, Y. Zhang, L.J. Fu, Y.S. Zhu, Q.M. Zhou, Y.P. Wu, W. Huang, Latest advances in supercapacitors: from new electrode materials to novel device designs. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46, 6816–6854 (2017)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference H. Yang, Y. Tang, X. Huang, L.X. Wang, Q.T. Zhang, Activated porous carbon derived from walnut shells with promising material properties for supercapacitors. J. Mater. Sci. 28, 18637–18645 (2017) H. Yang, Y. Tang, X. Huang, L.X. Wang, Q.T. Zhang, Activated porous carbon derived from walnut shells with promising material properties for supercapacitors. J. Mater. Sci. 28, 18637–18645 (2017)
10.
go back to reference K.X. Zou, Y.F. Deng, J.P. Chen, Y.Q. Qian, Y.W. Yang, Y.W. Li, G.H. Chen, Hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped carbon derived from the activation of agriculture waste by potassium hydroxide and urea for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 378, 579–588 (2018)CrossRef K.X. Zou, Y.F. Deng, J.P. Chen, Y.Q. Qian, Y.W. Yang, Y.W. Li, G.H. Chen, Hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped carbon derived from the activation of agriculture waste by potassium hydroxide and urea for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 378, 579–588 (2018)CrossRef
11.
go back to reference L. Jiao, X.X. Pan, Y.L. Xi, J.Z. Li, J.M. Cao, Q. Guo, W. Han, A facile synthesis of self-assembling reduced graphene oxide/cobalt carbonate hydroxide papers for high-performance supercapacitor applications. J. Mater. Sci. 30, 159–166 (2018) L. Jiao, X.X. Pan, Y.L. Xi, J.Z. Li, J.M. Cao, Q. Guo, W. Han, A facile synthesis of self-assembling reduced graphene oxide/cobalt carbonate hydroxide papers for high-performance supercapacitor applications. J. Mater. Sci. 30, 159–166 (2018)
12.
go back to reference F.Q. Guo, X.C. Jiang, X.L. Li, K.Y. Peng, C.L. Guo, Z.H. Rao, Carbon electrode material from peanut shell by one-step synthesis for high performance supercapacitor. J. Mater. Sci. 30, 159–166 (2018) F.Q. Guo, X.C. Jiang, X.L. Li, K.Y. Peng, C.L. Guo, Z.H. Rao, Carbon electrode material from peanut shell by one-step synthesis for high performance supercapacitor. J. Mater. Sci. 30, 159–166 (2018)
13.
go back to reference D. Wang, L. Xu, J. Nai, X. Bai, T. Sun, Morphology-controllable synthesis of nanocarbons and their application in advanced symmetric supercapacitor in ionic liquid electrolyte. Appl. Surf. Sci. 473, 1014–1023 (2019)CrossRef D. Wang, L. Xu, J. Nai, X. Bai, T. Sun, Morphology-controllable synthesis of nanocarbons and their application in advanced symmetric supercapacitor in ionic liquid electrolyte. Appl. Surf. Sci. 473, 1014–1023 (2019)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference A.G. Pandolfo, A.F. Hollenkamp, Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 157, 11–27 (2006)CrossRef A.G. Pandolfo, A.F. Hollenkamp, Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 157, 11–27 (2006)CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Q. Wang, J. Yan, Z. Fan, Carbon materials for high volumetric performance supercapacitors: design, progress, challenges and opportunities. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 729–762 (2016)CrossRef Q. Wang, J. Yan, Z. Fan, Carbon materials for high volumetric performance supercapacitors: design, progress, challenges and opportunities. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 729–762 (2016)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Y. Wang, Y. Song, Y. Xia, Electrochemical capacitors: mechanism, materials, systems, characterization and applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 4, 5925–5950 (2016)CrossRef Y. Wang, Y. Song, Y. Xia, Electrochemical capacitors: mechanism, materials, systems, characterization and applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 4, 5925–5950 (2016)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference C. Prehal, C. Koczwara, N. Jackel, A. Schreiber, M. Burian, H. Amenitsch, M.A. Hartmann, V. Presser, O. Paris, Quantification of ion confinement and desolvation in nanoporous carbon supercapacitors with modelling and in situ X-ray scattering. Nat. Energy 2, 16215 (2017)CrossRef C. Prehal, C. Koczwara, N. Jackel, A. Schreiber, M. Burian, H. Amenitsch, M.A. Hartmann, V. Presser, O. Paris, Quantification of ion confinement and desolvation in nanoporous carbon supercapacitors with modelling and in situ X-ray scattering. Nat. Energy 2, 16215 (2017)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference D.W. Wang, Y.T. Wang, H.W. Liu, W. Xu, L. Xu, Unusual carbon nanomesh constructed by interconnected carbon nanocages for ionic liquid-based supercapacitor with superior rate capability. Chem. Eng. J. 342, 474–483 (2018)CrossRef D.W. Wang, Y.T. Wang, H.W. Liu, W. Xu, L. Xu, Unusual carbon nanomesh constructed by interconnected carbon nanocages for ionic liquid-based supercapacitor with superior rate capability. Chem. Eng. J. 342, 474–483 (2018)CrossRef
19.
go back to reference G.S. Fu, Q. Li, J.L. Ye, J.L. Han, J.Q. Wang, L. Zhai, Y.W. Zhu, Hierarchical porous carbon with high nitrogen content derived from plant waste (pomelo peel) for supercapacitor. J. Mater. Sci. 29, 7707–7717 (2018) G.S. Fu, Q. Li, J.L. Ye, J.L. Han, J.Q. Wang, L. Zhai, Y.W. Zhu, Hierarchical porous carbon with high nitrogen content derived from plant waste (pomelo peel) for supercapacitor. J. Mater. Sci. 29, 7707–7717 (2018)
20.
go back to reference D. Wang, L. Xu, J. Nai, T. Sun, A versatile Co-Activation strategy towards porous carbon nanosheets for high performance ionic liquid based supercapacitor applications. J. Alloys Compd. 786, 109–117 (2019)CrossRef D. Wang, L. Xu, J. Nai, T. Sun, A versatile Co-Activation strategy towards porous carbon nanosheets for high performance ionic liquid based supercapacitor applications. J. Alloys Compd. 786, 109–117 (2019)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference J.C. Wang, S. Kaskel, KOH activation of carbon-based materials for energy storage. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 23710–23725 (2012)CrossRef J.C. Wang, S. Kaskel, KOH activation of carbon-based materials for energy storage. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 23710–23725 (2012)CrossRef
22.
go back to reference V. Strauss, K. Marsh, M.D. Kowal, M. El-Kady, R.B. Kaner, A simple route to porous graphene from carbon nanodots for supercapacitor applications. Adv. Mater. 30, 1704449 (2018)CrossRef V. Strauss, K. Marsh, M.D. Kowal, M. El-Kady, R.B. Kaner, A simple route to porous graphene from carbon nanodots for supercapacitor applications. Adv. Mater. 30, 1704449 (2018)CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Z.P. Qiu, Y.S. Wang, X. Bi, T. Zhou, J. Zhou, J.P. Zhao, Z.C. Miao, W.M. Yi, P. Fu, S.P. Zhuo, Biochar-based carbons with hierarchical micro-meso-macro porosity for high rate and long cycle life supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 376, 82–90 (2018)CrossRef Z.P. Qiu, Y.S. Wang, X. Bi, T. Zhou, J. Zhou, J.P. Zhao, Z.C. Miao, W.M. Yi, P. Fu, S.P. Zhuo, Biochar-based carbons with hierarchical micro-meso-macro porosity for high rate and long cycle life supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 376, 82–90 (2018)CrossRef
24.
go back to reference J. Pang, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, G. Cao, M. Han, Y. Yang, Sustainable nitrogen-containing hierarchical porous carbon spheres derived from sodium lignosulfonate for high-performance supercapacitors. Carbon 132, 280–293 (2018)CrossRef J. Pang, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, G. Cao, M. Han, Y. Yang, Sustainable nitrogen-containing hierarchical porous carbon spheres derived from sodium lignosulfonate for high-performance supercapacitors. Carbon 132, 280–293 (2018)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference M. Sevilla, A.B. Fuertes, A general and facile synthesis strategy towards highly porous carbons: carbonization of organic salts. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 13738–13741 (2013)CrossRef M. Sevilla, A.B. Fuertes, A general and facile synthesis strategy towards highly porous carbons: carbonization of organic salts. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 13738–13741 (2013)CrossRef
26.
go back to reference M. Sevilla, A.B. Fuertes, Direct synthesis of highly porous interconnected carbon nanosheets and their application as high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Nano 8, 5069–5078 (2014)CrossRef M. Sevilla, A.B. Fuertes, Direct synthesis of highly porous interconnected carbon nanosheets and their application as high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Nano 8, 5069–5078 (2014)CrossRef
27.
go back to reference A.B. Fuertes, M. Sevilla, Hierarchical microporous/mesoporous carbon nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 4344–4353 (2015)CrossRef A.B. Fuertes, M. Sevilla, Hierarchical microporous/mesoporous carbon nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 4344–4353 (2015)CrossRef
28.
go back to reference H. Luo, Y. Yang, Y. Sun, D. Chen, X. Zhao, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, Highly nanoporous carbons by single-step organic salt carbonization for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Appl. Electrochem. 45, 839–848 (2015)CrossRef H. Luo, Y. Yang, Y. Sun, D. Chen, X. Zhao, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, Highly nanoporous carbons by single-step organic salt carbonization for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Appl. Electrochem. 45, 839–848 (2015)CrossRef
29.
go back to reference X.Y. Chen, D.H. Xie, Z.J. Zhang, C. Cen, Tetraphenylborate-derived hierarchically porous carbons as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 246, 531–539 (2014)CrossRef X.Y. Chen, D.H. Xie, Z.J. Zhang, C. Cen, Tetraphenylborate-derived hierarchically porous carbons as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 246, 531–539 (2014)CrossRef
30.
go back to reference J. Zhu, D. Xu, W. Qian, J. Zhang, F. Yan, Heteroatom-containing porous carbons derived from ionic liquid-doped alkali organic salts for supercapacitors. Small 12, 1935–1944 (2016)CrossRef J. Zhu, D. Xu, W. Qian, J. Zhang, F. Yan, Heteroatom-containing porous carbons derived from ionic liquid-doped alkali organic salts for supercapacitors. Small 12, 1935–1944 (2016)CrossRef
31.
go back to reference H. Luo, Y. Yang, X. Zhao, J. Zhang, Y. Chen, 3D sponge-like nanoporous carbons via a facile synthesis for high-performance supercapacitors: direct carbonization of tartrate salt. Electrochim. Acta 169, 13–21 (2015)CrossRef H. Luo, Y. Yang, X. Zhao, J. Zhang, Y. Chen, 3D sponge-like nanoporous carbons via a facile synthesis for high-performance supercapacitors: direct carbonization of tartrate salt. Electrochim. Acta 169, 13–21 (2015)CrossRef
32.
go back to reference W. Yang, W. Yang, F. Ding, L. Sang, Z. Ma, G. Shao, Template-free synthesis of ultrathin porous carbon shell with excellent conductivity for high-rate supercapacitors. Carbon 111, 419–427 (2017)CrossRef W. Yang, W. Yang, F. Ding, L. Sang, Z. Ma, G. Shao, Template-free synthesis of ultrathin porous carbon shell with excellent conductivity for high-rate supercapacitors. Carbon 111, 419–427 (2017)CrossRef
33.
go back to reference W.W. Kang, B.P. Lin, G.X. Huang, C.X. Zhang, Y.H. Yao, W.T. Hou, B. Xu, B. Xing, Peanut bran derived hierarchical porous carbon for supercapacitor. J. Mater. Sci. 29, 6361–6368 (2018) W.W. Kang, B.P. Lin, G.X. Huang, C.X. Zhang, Y.H. Yao, W.T. Hou, B. Xu, B. Xing, Peanut bran derived hierarchical porous carbon for supercapacitor. J. Mater. Sci. 29, 6361–6368 (2018)
34.
go back to reference R. Thangavel, A.G. Kannan, R. Ponraj, V. Thangavel, D.-W. Kim, Y.-S. Lee, High-energy green supercapacitor driven by ionic liquid electrolytes as an ultra-high stable next-generation energy storage device. J. Power Sources 383, 102–109 (2018)CrossRef R. Thangavel, A.G. Kannan, R. Ponraj, V. Thangavel, D.-W. Kim, Y.-S. Lee, High-energy green supercapacitor driven by ionic liquid electrolytes as an ultra-high stable next-generation energy storage device. J. Power Sources 383, 102–109 (2018)CrossRef
35.
go back to reference C. Zhang, X. Zhu, M. Cao, M. Li, N. Li, L. Lai, J. Zhu, D. Wei, Hierarchical porous carbon materials derived from sheep manure for high-capacity supercapacitors. ChemSuschem 9, 932–937 (2016)CrossRef C. Zhang, X. Zhu, M. Cao, M. Li, N. Li, L. Lai, J. Zhu, D. Wei, Hierarchical porous carbon materials derived from sheep manure for high-capacity supercapacitors. ChemSuschem 9, 932–937 (2016)CrossRef
36.
go back to reference J. Wang, Y.L. Xu, B. Ding, Z. Chang, X.G. Zhang, Y. Yamauchi, K.C.W. Wu, Confined self-assembly in two-dimensional interlayer space: monolayered mesoporous carbon nanosheets with in-plane orderly arranged mesopores and a highly graphitized framework. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 2894–2898 (2018)CrossRef J. Wang, Y.L. Xu, B. Ding, Z. Chang, X.G. Zhang, Y. Yamauchi, K.C.W. Wu, Confined self-assembly in two-dimensional interlayer space: monolayered mesoporous carbon nanosheets with in-plane orderly arranged mesopores and a highly graphitized framework. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 2894–2898 (2018)CrossRef
37.
go back to reference B.B. Wang, D.H. Li, M.W. Tang, H.B. Ma, Y.G. Gui, X. Tian, F.Y. Quan, X.Q. Song, Y.Z. Xia, Alginate-based hierarchical porous carbon aerogel for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Alloys Compd 749, 517–522 (2018)CrossRef B.B. Wang, D.H. Li, M.W. Tang, H.B. Ma, Y.G. Gui, X. Tian, F.Y. Quan, X.Q. Song, Y.Z. Xia, Alginate-based hierarchical porous carbon aerogel for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Alloys Compd 749, 517–522 (2018)CrossRef
38.
go back to reference M.A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, L.G. Cancado, A. Jorio, R. Saito, Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9, 1276–1291 (2007)CrossRef M.A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, L.G. Cancado, A. Jorio, R. Saito, Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9, 1276–1291 (2007)CrossRef
39.
go back to reference J.G. Wang, H. Liu, H. Sun, W. Hua, H. Wang, X. Liu, B. Wei, One-pot synthesis of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon spheres for high-rate and long-cycle life supercapacitors. Carbon 127, 85–92 (2018)CrossRef J.G. Wang, H. Liu, H. Sun, W. Hua, H. Wang, X. Liu, B. Wei, One-pot synthesis of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon spheres for high-rate and long-cycle life supercapacitors. Carbon 127, 85–92 (2018)CrossRef
40.
go back to reference A.C. Ferrari, J. Robertson, Raman spectroscopy of amorphous, nanostructured, diamond-like carbon, and nanodiamond. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Series A 362, 2477–2512 (2004)CrossRef A.C. Ferrari, J. Robertson, Raman spectroscopy of amorphous, nanostructured, diamond-like carbon, and nanodiamond. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Series A 362, 2477–2512 (2004)CrossRef
41.
go back to reference D.W. Wang, S.J. Liu, G.L. Fang, G.H. Geng, J.F. Ma, From trash to treasure: direct transformation of onion husks into three-dimensional interconnected porous carbon frameworks for high-performance supercapacitors in organic electrolyte. Electrochim. Acta 216, 405–411 (2016)CrossRef D.W. Wang, S.J. Liu, G.L. Fang, G.H. Geng, J.F. Ma, From trash to treasure: direct transformation of onion husks into three-dimensional interconnected porous carbon frameworks for high-performance supercapacitors in organic electrolyte. Electrochim. Acta 216, 405–411 (2016)CrossRef
42.
go back to reference X.Y. Xie, X.J. He, H.F. Zhang, F. Wei, N. Xiao, J.S. Qiu, Interconnected sheet-like porous carbons from coal tar by a confined soft-template strategy for supercapacitors. Chem. Eng. J. 350, 49–56 (2018)CrossRef X.Y. Xie, X.J. He, H.F. Zhang, F. Wei, N. Xiao, J.S. Qiu, Interconnected sheet-like porous carbons from coal tar by a confined soft-template strategy for supercapacitors. Chem. Eng. J. 350, 49–56 (2018)CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Z. Yang, J. Ren, Z. Zhang, X. Chen, G. Guan, L. Qiu, Y. Zhang, H. Peng, Recent advancement of nanostructured carbon for energy applications. Chem. Rev. 115, 5159–5223 (2015)CrossRef Z. Yang, J. Ren, Z. Zhang, X. Chen, G. Guan, L. Qiu, Y. Zhang, H. Peng, Recent advancement of nanostructured carbon for energy applications. Chem. Rev. 115, 5159–5223 (2015)CrossRef
44.
go back to reference M. Thommes, K. Kaneko, A.V. Neimark, J.P. Olivier, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, J. Rouquerol, K.S.W. Sing, Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 87, 1051–1069 (2015)CrossRef M. Thommes, K. Kaneko, A.V. Neimark, J.P. Olivier, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, J. Rouquerol, K.S.W. Sing, Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 87, 1051–1069 (2015)CrossRef
45.
go back to reference H. Xu, C.K. Wu, X.J. Wei, S.Y. Gao, Hierarchically porous carbon materials with controllable proportion of micropore area by dual-activator synthesis for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 15340–15347 (2018)CrossRef H. Xu, C.K. Wu, X.J. Wei, S.Y. Gao, Hierarchically porous carbon materials with controllable proportion of micropore area by dual-activator synthesis for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 15340–15347 (2018)CrossRef
46.
go back to reference D.W. Wang, S.J. Liu, L. Jiao, G.L. Fang, G.H. Geng, J.F. Ma, Unconventional mesopore carbon nanomesh prepared through explosione-assisted activation approach: a robust electrode material for ultrafast organic electrolyte supercapacitors. Carbon 119, 30–39 (2017)CrossRef D.W. Wang, S.J. Liu, L. Jiao, G.L. Fang, G.H. Geng, J.F. Ma, Unconventional mesopore carbon nanomesh prepared through explosione-assisted activation approach: a robust electrode material for ultrafast organic electrolyte supercapacitors. Carbon 119, 30–39 (2017)CrossRef
47.
go back to reference R.Y. Yan, M. Antonietti, M. Oschatz, Toward the experimental understanding of the energy storage mechanism and ion dynamics in ionic liquid based supercapacitors. Adv. Energy. Mater. 8, 1800026 (2018)CrossRef R.Y. Yan, M. Antonietti, M. Oschatz, Toward the experimental understanding of the energy storage mechanism and ion dynamics in ionic liquid based supercapacitors. Adv. Energy. Mater. 8, 1800026 (2018)CrossRef
48.
go back to reference J. Chmiola, G. Yushin, Y. Gogotsi, C. Portet, P. Simon, P.L. Taberna, Anomalous increase in carbon capacitance at pore sizes less than 1 nanometer. Science 313(5794), 1760–1763 (2006)CrossRef J. Chmiola, G. Yushin, Y. Gogotsi, C. Portet, P. Simon, P.L. Taberna, Anomalous increase in carbon capacitance at pore sizes less than 1 nanometer. Science 313(5794), 1760–1763 (2006)CrossRef
49.
go back to reference D.W. Wang, G.L. Fang, T. Xue, J.F. Ma, G.H. Geng, A melt route for the synthesis of activated carbon derived from carton box for high performance symmetric supercapacitor applications. J. Power Sources 307, 401–409 (2016)CrossRef D.W. Wang, G.L. Fang, T. Xue, J.F. Ma, G.H. Geng, A melt route for the synthesis of activated carbon derived from carton box for high performance symmetric supercapacitor applications. J. Power Sources 307, 401–409 (2016)CrossRef
50.
go back to reference D.W. Wang, J.W. Nai, H. Li, L. Xu, Y.T. Wang, A robust strategy for the general synthesis of hierarchical carbons constructed by nanosheets and their application in high performance supercapacitor in ionic liquid electrolyte. Carbon 141, 40–49 (2019)CrossRef D.W. Wang, J.W. Nai, H. Li, L. Xu, Y.T. Wang, A robust strategy for the general synthesis of hierarchical carbons constructed by nanosheets and their application in high performance supercapacitor in ionic liquid electrolyte. Carbon 141, 40–49 (2019)CrossRef
51.
go back to reference J.E. Zuliani, S. Tong, C.Q. Jia, D.W. Kirk, Contribution of surface oxygen groups to the measured capacitance of porous carbon supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 395, 271–279 (2018)CrossRef J.E. Zuliani, S. Tong, C.Q. Jia, D.W. Kirk, Contribution of surface oxygen groups to the measured capacitance of porous carbon supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 395, 271–279 (2018)CrossRef
52.
go back to reference C. Young, J.J. Lin, J. Wang, B. Ding, X.G. Zhang, S.M. Alshehri, T. Ahamad, R.R. Salunkhe, S.A. Hossain, J.H. Khan, Y. Ide, J. Kim, J. Henzie, K.C.W. Wu, N. Kobayashi, Y. Yamauchi, Significant effect of pore sizes on energy storage in nanoporous carbon supercapacitors. Chem. Eur. J. 24, 6127–6132 (2018)CrossRef C. Young, J.J. Lin, J. Wang, B. Ding, X.G. Zhang, S.M. Alshehri, T. Ahamad, R.R. Salunkhe, S.A. Hossain, J.H. Khan, Y. Ide, J. Kim, J. Henzie, K.C.W. Wu, N. Kobayashi, Y. Yamauchi, Significant effect of pore sizes on energy storage in nanoporous carbon supercapacitors. Chem. Eur. J. 24, 6127–6132 (2018)CrossRef
53.
go back to reference J. Zhao, Y.F. Jiang, H. Fan, M. Liu, O. Zhuo, X.Z. Wang, Q. Wu, L.J. Yang, Y.W. Ma, Z. Hu, Porous 3D few-layer graphene-like carbon for ultrahigh-power supercapacitors with well-defined structure-performance relationship. Adv. Mater. 29, 1604569 (2017)CrossRef J. Zhao, Y.F. Jiang, H. Fan, M. Liu, O. Zhuo, X.Z. Wang, Q. Wu, L.J. Yang, Y.W. Ma, Z. Hu, Porous 3D few-layer graphene-like carbon for ultrahigh-power supercapacitors with well-defined structure-performance relationship. Adv. Mater. 29, 1604569 (2017)CrossRef
54.
go back to reference K. Fic, G. Lota, M. Meller, E. Frackowiak, Novel insight into neutral medium as electrolyte for high-voltage supercapacitors. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 5842–5850 (2012)CrossRef K. Fic, G. Lota, M. Meller, E. Frackowiak, Novel insight into neutral medium as electrolyte for high-voltage supercapacitors. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 5842–5850 (2012)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
A universal strategy towards porous carbons with ultrahigh specific surface area for high-performance symmetric supercapacitor applications
Authors
Honghuo Liang
Tao Sun
Lang Xu
Chaoying Sun
Dewei Wang
Publication date
09-07-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics / Issue 14/2019
Print ISSN: 0957-4522
Electronic ISSN: 1573-482X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01733-y

Other articles of this Issue 14/2019

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 14/2019 Go to the issue