Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top

2018 | Book

Design and Evaluation of Transportation Systems Read chapter Read first chapter

Advanced Solutions of Transport Systems for Growing Mobility

14th Scientific and Technical Conference "Transport Systems. Theory & Practice 2017" Selected Papers

Editor: Grzegorz Sierpiński

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Login to get access
insite
SEARCH

About this book

What are the parameters that should be taken into account in an advanced simulation model designed for a transport system that promotes green travelling policies? How can the goal of modal shift be pursued through ICT solutions? Is it enough to apply only a single criterion when planning transport systems? What is the importance of information acquisition and provision in Intelligent Transport Systems? Answers to these and many other questions can be found in this publication. It also contains numerous analyses based on relevant data sets, illustrating the close relationship between ITS and the changes observed in terms of how specific means of transport are used. What proves to be particularly important for advanced transport systems is the use of environmentally friendly solutions that reduce their negative environmental impacts; accordingly, the book also addresses this aspect.

With regard to the research results discussed and the selected solutions applied, the book primarily addresses the needs of three target groups:

· Scientists and researchers (ITS field)

· Local authorities (responsible for transport systems at the urban and regional level)

· Representatives of business (traffic strategy management) and industry (manufacturers of ITS components)

Advanced Solutions of Transport Systems for Growing Mobility gathers selected papers presented at the 14th “Transport Systems. Theory and Practice” Scientific and Technical Conference, organized by the Department of Transport Systems and Traffic Engineering at the Faculty of Transport of the Silesian University of Technology. The conference was held on 18-20 September 2017 in Katowice (Poland). More details at www.TSTP.polsl.pl

Table of Contents

Frontmatter

Advanced Solutions of Modelling and Optimisation

Frontmatter
Design and Evaluation of Transportation Systems
Abstract
The paper presents the state-of-the-art in the fields of designing and evaluating complex transportation systems. Both components (design and evaluation) are presented as separate phases of a combined methodology and its major concepts and rules are described. Three alternative approaches to design/redesign of the transportation systems are presented, including: heuristic (intuitive - oriented) design supported by simulation, optimization (mathematical programming) - based design and hybrid approach based on the application of several combined procedures, including the 4-stage model. In the evaluation phase two major concepts are described, such as: Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) and its variations and Multiple Criteria Analysis (MCA). The real life case study, focused on the heuristic redesign of the section of the transportation system, construction of alternative transportation solutions and their multiple criteria evaluation, is demonstrated.
Jacek Żak
Modelling of Traffic Hazards at Urban Intersections Using Potential Collision Areas
Abstract
Correct traffic safety management requires evaluation of infrastructure elements already at the stage of planning and designing in terms of the traffic hazards level. There are many methods in the world used for such evaluation of traffic safety for rural road sections, however, there are relatively few methods concerning urban intersections. The method presented in this article applies to the evaluation of traffic safety at urban intersections. It is based on the estimation of the number of road traffic incidents (RTIs) at the selected intersection areas, in which there is a possibility that two traffic streams, called potential collision areas, will converge at the same time. Preliminary research results show that the probability of an RTI in a potential collision area depends primarily on the probability of two traffic streams converging in the same area at the same time. To a large extent, the degree of traffic road incident occurrence hazard depends also on some factors connected to traffic conditions right before the given streams appear in a potential collision area.
Tomasz Szczuraszek, Radosław Klusek
The Roundabout Micro-simulator Based on the Cellular Automaton Model
Abstract
The paper presents the developed roundabout simulator. A model, which is the engine for the simulator, was developed based on cellular automata. The author discusses the technology were used and demonstrated examples of the research results. Noteworthy is the fact that the developed simulator is very flexible, allowing conducting research in diameter roundabout, pedestrians on the roundabout, traffic of passengers cars and commercial vehicles, and also research change the rules of the road. In addition, the simulator allows traffic research in terms of weather conditions, e.g. rain, snow, which causes that braking distance increases and more accidents reaches.
Krzysztof Małecki
Online Train Traffic Adjustments: Probabilistic Modeling and Estimating
Abstract
Generic stochastic model takes into account an input lateness, delays at the stations and deviations of train run times. The updated model reflected the effect of adjustments that drivers perform permanently. Accounting the operational control allows you more reliably detect intertrain conflicts and assign rational adjustments. Modeling the process on open tracks shows that shape the time density is retained when passing the control points of route. The width of scattering the arrivals is subjected to change only. The results of real data analysis show that dispatching adjustments allows control the average of delay. Operational management unable eliminate the scattering of arrival times. The developed approach is effective in online traffic prediction and creating the optimal schedule adjustments.
Boris Davydov, Vladimir Chebotarev, Kseniya Kablukova
Simulation and Optimization of Passenger Flow Line in Lanzhou West Railway Station
Abstract
Simulating and optimizing passenger flow lines in railway stations is the important method for meeting the travelers’ needs and improving manage efficiency. This paper analyzed the kinds, the direction and the connection of passenger flow lines in Lanzhou West Railway Station. According to the characteristics of the passenger flow lines in Lanzhou West Railway Station, the dynamic simulation model was constructed. We simulated and optimized the station’s passenger flow lines at present and in the future by using the simulation software – Anylogic. The simulation result shows that the security channels should be increased in the near future to shorter security processing time, and the proportion of four entrances’ passenger flows should be adjusted to achieve better effects in the long run.
Hualan Wang, Lang Yu, Shaochen Qin
GTPlat: Geosimulation for Assessing the Application of Incentives to Transport Planning
Abstract
Motor vehicle abuse entails emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In order to reduce climate change and life expectancy loss, authorities want to launch a set of sustainable travel policies which should be evaluated before their deployment. Although multi-agent systems for traffic analyses are very popular, they mainly focus on faithfully reproducing vehicle displacement and interaction between vehicles. It is therefore necessary to go one step further and integrate the transport choice factors that take place before starting everyday journeys. We present the baseline Geosimulation that integrates all the steps of citizens home-to-work commutes for assessing the impact green travelling policies would have.
Ander Pijoan, Oihane Kamara-Esteban, Iraia Oribe-Garcia, Ainhoa Alonso-Vicario, Cruz E. Borges

Urban Passenger Transport – Solutions and Technologies

Frontmatter
Inducing Modal Shift in Passenger Transport Through ICT Solutions
Abstract
One of the main goals of modern transport policy is a drive to induce modal change through ICT solutions. It is believed that the user given the benefits of modern ICTs in making travel experience more seamless and reasonably cheap will be willing to resign from private car in favour of public transport. The research presented in this paper refers to the field studies on the acceptance of different ICTs by transport users. It shows results from rural and urban travel. Based on this the feasibility of the possible enforcement of change and resulting modal shift is questioned. Although ICT solutions are widely accepted for majority of transport users they are not sufficient to change transport behaviours and ensure switch from private car to public transport.
Przemyslaw Borkowski
Bike-Sharing as an Element of Integrated Urban Transport System
Abstract
The following paper is meant to illustrate the use of the idea of bike-sharing system in urban logistics. In their work, the authors referred to cycling in Poland and to the Poles’ attitude towards the use of the bike as an alternative means of transport in the city. The idea of self-service public bike rental system has been widely presented in the article. Further, the components of the architecture system have been discussed. The authors presented the principle of functioning of the self-service public bike rental system, called bike-sharing, as well as its transport accessibility in cities in Poland. Moreover, the authors illustrated the principle of functioning of the system by the case of public bike rental in the city of Katowice, called ‘City by Bike’, and in the city of Cracow, called ‘Wavelo’. The main aim of the work was to present the idea of self-service public bike rental (bike sharing), its functionality and chosen examples.
Piotr Czech, Katarzyna Turoń, Roman Urbańczyk
Interchanges as a Key Element of Competitive Sustainable Public Transport in Urban Areas
Abstract
Transportation needs of city residents in urban areas are met more and more increasingly by walking, cycling and using public transport. One of the essential elements of the urban transport system are interchanges providing passengers with the places where they can change the means of transport in an efficient and convenient way and continue moving in a way which is more effective for them, for the city and for the surroundings. Moreover, interchanges may also become centers of social life and business activities.
The general characteristics and role of interchanges in public transport systems, results of multi-criteria assessment of the largest interchange in Krakow and analysis of satisfaction and preferences of passengers using this interchange have been presented in the article.
Zofia Bryniarska
Charging Electrically Driven Buses Considering Load Balancing in the Power Grid
Abstract
Electrically powered buses in public transportation are increasingly being put into operation. The energy supply needs a careful planning just to keep all busses continuously in operation and to avoid power peaks in the grid. This problem is solved by a two-step planning procedure which is based on a linear model. The first step is an analytical optimization under simplified constraints. In a second step a simulator works on an extended model. The planning objectives are to minimize the investment and to minimize the power peaks. Additionally a simple decision algorithm computes the charging power at run time. The models are developed in detail and a small numerical example illustrates the work.
Hubert Büchter, Sebastian Naumann
A Case Analysis of Electrical Energy Recovery in Public Transport
Abstract
In the past few years the interest in electrical energy recovery process in the traction systems has significantly grown. At the same time, the number of devices designed for this system and a modern traction rolling stock, with the ability of regenerative braking, has gone up. Despite the huge interest in this topic, there are still problems in implementing new technologies. The cause of this lies in different exploitation conditions of each of the implemented solutions. Achieving highest electrical energy recovery indicators without the occurrence of negative side effects and with lowest financial outlays can be a problem. Because of these reasons, one should continue to analyze various cases of using the process of energy recovery and draw general conclusions. The authors of this work have presented the results of the analysis of energy consumption and recovery process in public tram traction system. Measuring data for units without and with the ability for regenerative braking has been analyzed. Results, with reference to various types of vehicles and different manners of driving have been presented. In the summary, the authors have given conclusions arising from the conducted research.
Konrad Kawałkowski, Jakub Młyńczak, Zbigniew Olczykowski, Jerzy Wojciechowski

Solutions to Improve the Efficiency of Freight Transport

Frontmatter
First and Last Mile Delivery – Problems and Issues
Abstract
“First and Last Mile Delivery” stands for freight transport logistics over the first and the last part of the way to the customer, accordingly. In freight transport, the first and the last mile are most cost intensive. In the last phase of transport, it is difficult to gather and put shipments together, which results in the costs in that area usually being disproportionately high. The problems of last mile delivery usually stem from the fact that deliveries are composed of individual orders and from a significant level of dispersal of destinations, as each order must be delivered to a different address. Similar problems are related to first mile freight transport. This article addresses the problems and issues connected with first and last mile delivery.
Elżbieta Macioszek
Multiple Criteria Evaluation of Global Transportation Systems - Analysis of Case Study
Abstract
The paper presents the evaluation and selection of the most desired finished goods transportation corridor of delivery for the company which operates in the household appliances industry. To decrease the production costs, the company relocated manufacturing process to China. That is the reason why it is necessary to find a transportation and logistics solution how to supply finished goods from China to the warehouses in central Poland (Lodz) on the most preferable conditions for the company and its customers. The top management of this international company (acting as a Decision Maker DM) is responsible for finding the most suitable supply chain of manufactured goods. To solve the problem the author of this paper implements the Multi-Criteria Decision Making/Aiding methodology. The decision problem is formulated as a multiple criteria ranking problem. Thus, the author designs alternative global transportation corridors between China and Central Europe (Poland) based on a multimodal transportation process. On this basis she defines different alternatives of delivering goods and evaluates them by a consistent family of criteria. The author models the DM’s preferences and carries out a series of computational experiments with the application of selected MCDM/A ranking methods, especially Electre III/IV and AHP methods. As a result it generates the final rankings of transportation options and gives the DM the most accurate transportation solution.
Barbara Galińska
Urban Freight Transport Demand Modelling and Data Availability Constraints
Abstract
The paper provides a review of urban freight transport demand modelling approaches confronted with constrains regarding adequate data provision from a perspective of the local authorities. Demand estimation models has been selected as a reference because they are the most representative in terms of inclusion of urban freight indicators which can be transformed into a decision-support tool for evaluation of freight measures. The main concern is to find a balance between an effort required to create a reliable urban freight analysis framework and transport policy’s objectives. Delivery-based models has been considered as the most promising in terms of possible results and ability to represent different aspects of urban supply chains in a coherent way. As they use a vehicle movement as a descriptor, the results can be presented in measurable way in terms of general transport planning framework.
Daniel Kaszubowski
Estimating the Number of Dispatchers of a Freight Forwarding Company on the Base of Computer Simulations
Abstract
The number of dispatchers, servicing requests for forwarding operations, determines the effectiveness of a freight forwarding company: lack of dispatchers would lead to losses of possible profits and decrease of the quality of servicing, but an excessive number of operators will generate additional costs. In this paper, the functional dependencies of technological parameters from the dispatchers’ number are determined on the basis of computer simulations. Using the obtained dependencies, the mathematical model for estimation of the optimal dispatchers’ number was developed.
Vitalii Naumov
Open Street Map as a Source of Information for a Freight Transport Planning System
Abstract
Route planning systems are indispensable means of support for freight transport. Combing deliveries into chains and route optimisation provide grounds for efficient transport. In order to be able to find optimum solutions, travel planners require being fed with external data in large volumes. This article is an attempt to identify the capabilities of Open Street Map (OSM) used as source of information. Utility of this database is often limited to the transport network itself. This article provides numerous examples showing how the functionality of a freight transport planner may be expanded owing to OSM data. It is the specific and pre-defined data storage standard that contributes to the universal nature of the data which can be used in different parts of the world. However, it should also be noted that even though the standard generally applies, some features of individual areas have not yet been properly developed (which is where one must rely on other data sources).
Grzegorz Sierpiński
Optimization of Multimodal Transport Technologies Selection for Packed Non-climacteric Vegetables and Fruits
Abstract
Optimizing the selection of transport technology for transport tasks is of particular importance while the improper technology can lead to significant reduction in safety of transported cargoes or in extreme cases to loss of cargo and reduces transport efficiency. This issue is particularly important for perishable products and cargoes. Up until now, there have not been developed any optimization tasks of the selection of multimodal transport technologies for perishable products that would adequately address the transportability of cargo. This paper presents the optimization task for the selection of multimodal transport technologies for perishable products on the example of non-climacteric fruits and vegetables carried in gas, light and liquid impermeable packaging. The task takes into account the criterion of maximizing cargo safety and the criterion of minimizing transport costs. The solution of the exemplary problem of technology selection o with the proposed optimization task is presented.
Paweł Leleń, Mariusz Wasiak

Information as a Component of Intelligent Transport Systems

Frontmatter
Improving Bicycle Mobility in Urban Areas Through ITS Technologies: The SaveMyBike Project
Abstract
This paper describes some ITS solutions and rewarding policies to increase the use of sustainable transport means in urban areas. Firstly, existing policies are described, and the advantages of rewarding systems are presented. Afterwards, the ITS technologies application to monitor mobility modes is described. In this context, the paper presents the SaveMyBike prototypical project and its solutions. SaveMyBike is an anti-theft monitoring system, based on RFID technologies and made of three modules. The first module creates secure urban areas through installed alarms where owners can leave their bike safely. The second module uses fixed RFID gates to monitor journeys and detect stolen bikes. The third module uses portable RFID readers that, during the parking and street control, read in-bike tags, detecting: the stolen bikes, and origins/destinations of bicycle trips. The system is based on rewarding policies, to incentivize people to use their private bikes and public transport modes.
Antonio Pratelli, Massimiliano Petri, Alessandro Farina, Marino Lupi
Implementation Factors of Automated Fare Collection Systems: Case Study Based on Silesian Public Services Card Example
Abstract
The implementation of automated fare collection systems for urban public transport services, in particular in big cities and metropolises, is a complex process. A new solution, especially at the very beginning, on the users side is related to fears or additional actions, which previously did not exit – in the case of paper carriers. It is possible to specify here the necessity to perform actions related to ordering and collecting the card, reading the card when entering and leaving vehicles, or the fear of safe processing of data originating in the card systems. At the same time the new solution is a source of real benefits – new fares are available and the ticket purchase is much easier. The acceptance of the solution being implemented depends on many factors that should be considered. The paper, based on the data related to cards issuing and ticket sales, presents the process and factors conditioning the implementation of one of largest IT projects in the urban public transport.
Anna Urbanek
Selected Aspects of the Methodology for Delimitation of the Area of Urban Agglomeration in Transportation Models for the Evaluation of ITS Projects
Abstract
The article presents the selected issues and the algorithm of methodology for delimitation of the urban area for the needs of construction of four-step transportation model. In the methodology the use of the transportation model for the evaluation of ITS projects has been taken into account. The essence of the presented methodology is to take into account three types of criteria for delimiting the area and different levels of reference. Presented issues became the basis for the development of mathematical formalization of delimitation problem. The examples relate in particular to urban agglomeration with the nature of a conurbation - Upper Silesian Agglomeration in Poland.
Grzegorz Karoń, Renata Żochowska, Aleksander Sobota, Ryszard Janecki
Measures for Matching Stereo Images in Road Pavement Diagnostics
Abstract
The paper addresses the overall body of problems related to application of measures for matching stereo images in the measuring instruments used for assessment of road infrastructure condition. Selected stereo vision solutions applied in road pavement diagnostics have been explained. The main problem connected with the subject in question, namely the ambiguity of image matching, has been briefly described, and the matching algorithms commonly used have been characterised. The following measures of matching have been discussed: Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD), Zero Mean Sum of Squared Differences (ZSSD) as well as Covariance-Variance (CoVar). The studies conducted in the field addressed in the article concerned efficiency of stereo image matching for the aforementioned measures of matching. The relevant measurements were performed using images developed as outcomes of field surveys of the road infrastructure condition. The three-dimensional road pavement mapping thus obtained was compared with the mapping based on direct measurements using a dedicated diagnostic station.
Marcin Staniek
Vehicle Speed Sensor Node for ITS
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of measuring the speed of vehicles using a single camera. A method is proposed for transforming the camera space coordinates to world coordinates taking as reference the size of a vehicles number plate. Implementation using a megapixel camera is proposed and the measuring characteristics of the method in this case are discussed. The proposed method poses modest computational requirements and is suitable for incorporating into designs of sensor nodes of wireless sensor networks incorporated into ITS for traffic data collection.
Wiesław Pamuła
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Advanced Solutions of Transport Systems for Growing Mobility
Editor
Grzegorz Sierpiński
Copyright Year
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-62316-0
Print ISBN
978-3-319-62315-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62316-0

Premium Partner

    Image Credits