Advances in Energy Power and Automation Engineering

Table of Contents

1. Mechatronics and Automation Control

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Trusted Metering Terminal and Application Design for Distributed Power Supply

      Weiyu Wang, Lingji Kong, Haiqi Li, Shuang Sun, Ke Yang

      Abstract

      Under the background of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” proposed by China, the power market trading has flourished, and the capital has participated in the trading of distributed energy as an operator. In order to ensure that the data of users participating in the electricity market transaction has credibility, and lay a foundation for the development of the electricity market trading system and the issuance of green certificates, a trusted metering terminal for distributed power supply is proposed. By integrating lightweight acquisition, power optimization, data encryption, and blockchain technology, it provides secure data trust support for operators and distributed power users to participate in power market transactions.

   3. A Study on Model Predictive Current Control Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in Electric Aircraft

      Shuli Wang, Mengkai Liu, Qingxin Zhang

      Abstract

      To tackle the problem of reduced accuracy of model prediction current control (MPCC) response of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) caused by parameter mismatch, this paper proposes an MPCC method with improved duty cycle. First, the duty cycle is added to the single-vector MPCC, and a duty cycle control model is established; secondly, a motor parameter identification algorithm is designed based on the Adaline neural network and least mean square (LMS) algorithm; and finally, identification parameters are applied to the duty cycle control to achieve the real-time update of model parameters. Through the system simulation verification, the algorithm reduces the current fluctuation and steady-state error when the motor parameters change, and effectively improves the current response accuracy.

   4. GRU-DNN Hybrid Network for Multifactor Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption Prediction

      Wenqiang Zhang, Mingzhe Li, Shun Li, Yashuang Mu, Miaolei Deng

      Abstract

      In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained popularity due to their low energy consumption and simple structure. However, the issue of limited driving range has not been effectively addressed. In order to alleviate the “range anxiety” phenomenon of drivers, this paper proposes a hybrid neural network model based on gated recurrent unit (GRU) and deep neural network (DNN) to accurately predict the energy consumption of EVs. The driving data is divided into time series and non-time series data based on their characteristics. It then employs GRU network to train the time series data, integrating the fitted values with non-time series data within a DNN network for further learning. Processing time series and non-time series data separately reduces computational burden and improves model performance by allowing feature engineering to focus more on the unique properties of each data type. The proposed hybrid neural network makes full use of the advantages of different network structures in learning characteristics, more comprehensively captures various influencing factors of electric vehicle energy consumption, and improves the learning ability of the model. The comparative results illustrate that GRU-DNN can obtain higher prediction accuracy, and the convergence speed is better than the comparison algorithm.

   5. Design of Pressure Monitoring System for Push Tool of Avionics Connector

      Wenshuo Zhu, Yu Zhou, Weibo Zhou, Haobo Yang, Ningbo Zhang, Junsheng Liang

      Abstract

      In order to solve the problem of contact failure caused by insufficient push force when avionics connectors are assembled with push tools, based on the MCU, a system that can monitor the push force of the push tool is designed. The sampling frequency of the system is 2 Hz, and the push force after detection and processing is stored in the SDHC card and output to the screen for display. The test shows that the maximum bias of the system is 0.43%, with high precision, and the push force that meets the requirements can be applied according to the pressure prompt of the LCD screen.

   6. Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller Design for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

      Lei Zhang, Jie Huang, Yizhen Yang, Xiaodong Xie, Yaohuan Tan, Beibei Cui, Jintong Lu, Yuxi Zhang

      Abstract

      To enhance the dynamic response property and anti-interference capability of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system, the article proposes a sliding mode controller based on the Super-Twisting Algorithm (STA), which has been successfully applied to the speed control of the PMSM system. The stability and finite-time convergence property of this control algorithm were proven. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed STA algorithm, the designed super-twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) was compared with the traditional PI controller. Simulation results show that the control strategy has better speed regulation performance and response speed when the motor is started with no load and subjected to external disturbances, while also possessing better robustness and anti-interference capability.

   7. Research and Implementation of Automotive Power Seat Fault Detection System Based on LabVIEW

      Fangjie Wei, Dongqiang Wang, Gangsheng Li, Xuewu Dong, Haiqin Jiang

      Abstract

      The detection of noise and current in the diagnosis of faults in automotive power seats cannot be performed simultaneously, and existing detection technologies cannot detect newly added functions of the seats. This paper designs and develops an automotive power seat fault detection system based on LabVIEW, which consists of hardware and software parts. It can synchronously collect noise and current signals generated during seat operation. The LabVIEW detection program processes the collected data in real-time, including waveform and numerical display, data analysis and evaluation, data storage, and retrieval functions. Finally, the system is tested and validated in actual production, demonstrating its efficient and accurate detection of faulty seats and its practical application value.

   8. Study on the Jet Behavior of the Secondary Oxygen Nozzle of the Secondary Combustion Oxygen Lance in 260 t Converter

      Yue Liu

      Abstract

      In the process of converter iron and steel smelting, the post-combustion oxygen lance can be used to achieve high efficiency post-combustion. The structure of oxygen lance nozzle directly affects the jet and secondary combustion behavior. In this paper, the 260 t converter is taken as the research object, and the three-dimensional model is established by using SolidWorks to explore the jet behavior of the secondary oxygen jet hole of the secondary combustion oxygen lance in the smelting process. Based on the analysis of the jet characteristics, the influence of the angle of the secondary oxygen nozzle on the jet behavior of the secondary combustion oxygen lance was discussed. The simulation results show that the angle of the auxiliary oxygen nozzle has an important influence on the offset and suction of the auxiliary oxygen nozzle jet, the jet velocity, the impact force, and the contact area with CO and then directly affects the efficiency of CO secondary combustion. These also provide a theoretical support for that optimization design of the auxiliary oxygen nozzle hole of the secondary combustion oxygen lance.

   9. Study on Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings Based on CNN-BiLSTM

      Xin Hu, Yuanlin Luo, Wenhui Liu, Yuechao Wu

      Abstract

      This article proposes a model for rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on variational mode decomposition combined with a convolutional neural network and a bidirectional long short-term memory network fusion (VMD-CNN-BiLSTM). In order to better extract the features of the original vibration signal, the Osprey Cauchy Sparrow search algorithm (OCSSA) was used to optimize the VMD parameters. Then, the optimal IMF component was extracted and calculated to construct the required feature vectors for the model. The feature vectors are used as inputs to train the CNN BiLSTM model. Finally, the model can accurately identify the fault status of rolling bearings. Experimental results have shown that the diagnostic model based on VMD-CNN-BiLSTM not only achieves a significant reduction in training time but also has an accuracy of 99.33%.

   10. Numerical Analysis and Sensitivity Study of Friction Parameters for High-Temperature Molten Salt Storage Tanks

       Yiming Xue, Wei Zhao, Yingchun Wang, Dengyun Zhao, Kang Chen

       Abstract

       The structural design of molten salt storage tanks is of paramount importance in solar thermal power plants as it directly impacts their safe, stable, and efficient continuous power generation. This study is based on an engineering project within a solar thermal power plant located in Qinghai Province, China. It conducts a comprehensive analysis and research on high-temperature molten salt storage tanks. Using finite element software ABAQUS, shell element models and axisymmetric solid element models are established to conduct thermal coupling analysis on various aspects: the stability of the grid shell structure atop the storage tank, the integrity of the shell-to-bottom weld within the tank structure, as well as the tank wall plate and tank bottom plate. The research findings indicate that stress on the tank wall exhibits a characteristic pattern of oscillatory decrease from bottom to top, with stress concentration mainly occurring at the shell-to-bottom weld. Stress assessment conducted in accordance with ASME regulations confirms compliance with requirements. Moreover, it is observed that the friction coefficient does not directly impact the static stress of the storage tank. Instead, its significance lies in its effect on the expansion caused by high temperature, thus influencing the tank structure. Under thermal coupling effects, the friction coefficient significantly alters the stress distribution of the first-layer wall panel and the shell-to-bottom weld area. As the friction coefficient increases, the constraint effect of the foundation on the transverse expansion deformation of the bottom plate intensifies, leading to detachment of the shell-to-bottom weld from the foundation’s top surface, with detachment height continuously increasing.

   11. A Study of Low-Voltage Distributed Photovoltaic Flexible Control Technology

       Longlong Li, Yajuan Huang, Zhitao Tang, TianTian Zhang, Ruibo Ma

       Abstract

       A low-voltage distributed photovoltaic flexible control technology is developed based on the basic principle of minimizing solar energy loss and maximizing the output of photovoltaic power sources. It achieves flexible management of distributed power supply voltage based on the voltage deviation method at the grid-connected point of distributed photovoltaics. Combined with the three operational states of the distribution network—normal, warning, and emergency—it designs flexible control strategies and control processes for distributed power sources that are suitable for different grid operating states. At the same time, field pilot verification was conducted in collaboration with distributed photovoltaic pilot users. The verification results show that the impact of distributed photovoltaic grid connection on the power grid has been alleviated after flexible control, and voltage fluctuations, frequency, daily average power, and daily power generation have also been significantly improved.

   12. Simulation of Fault Current Characteristics in Ship Lock Motor Based on Harmonic Analysis

       Hong Cheng, Zhi Zhong, Wu Xi

       Abstract

       As a crucial industrial AC equipment, the motor is subject to rigorous safety and stability standards. However, due to the motor’s closed operation, it is challenging to detect and diagnose internal faults directly. This is typically achieved by monitoring the motor’s input and output current signals and developing algorithms to process these signals. This indirect approach allows for the identification of potential internal motor issues. In this paper, we present a series of simulation experiments designed to simulate the normal and faulty operation states of a three-phase asynchronous motor. The experiments employ the collection of three-phase current waveforms under different operational conditions, frequency domain analysis via Fourier transform, and the extraction and analysis of current harmonic components. The selection of the second and third harmonic components for the main characteristics of the current harmonic components serves as the basis for the judgment of detecting motor faults. This provides a theoretical basis for the actual harmonics detection and judgment of the fault design. This provides a theoretical basis.

   13. API-Independent Pitch Control Strategy for Large Wind Turbines Considering Load Reduction

       Jing Cheng, Yifan Liu, Weiqing Wang

       Abstract

       To meet the needs of large-capacity and high-quality development of wind turbines, further improve the stability and dynamic response performance of wind power output, and reduce the dynamic load of key components, a large-scale wind turbine adaptive PI-independent pitch control strategy considering load reduction is proposed. Based on the ROSCO controller, independent pitch control is implemented for the three blades of the wind turbine. Taking the 5 MW wind turbine of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory as an example, a model is built on the MATLAB simulation platform for simulation analysis and verification. The results show that compared to the unified pitch control strategy of the ROSCO controller, the proposed method can effectively suppress output power fluctuations, reduce tower loads of wind turbines, and have better adaptability to wind speed changes and fast response ability. Its advantages are more prominent in harsh wind conditions, such as turbulent wind.

   14. Research on the Electronic Differential Control Strategy for Aerial Working Platforms Based on the Ackermann Model

       Yuqiang Fan, Longtao Qiu, Long Shan, Junyuan Chen

       Abstract

       The trend toward the electrification of aerial work platforms is becoming increasingly evident. With the application of driving motors on them, it is unreasonable to continue relying solely on tire friction for steering. Therefore, this manuscript introduces the Ackermann and Jeantand principle, which is widely used in electric vehicles, to establish a simulation model. This model simulates the laws of wheel speed and the required output speed of the motor under different steering angles of the aerial work platform. It is found that the speed of the right front wheel changes the most, increasing with the increase of the steering angle.

   15. NVH Analysis of Rotor Step Skewing on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

       Rui Lua, Rujun Wu, Heng Fang

       Abstract

       To effectively reduce the noise generated by motor vibrations, the relationship between rotor step with skewing and motor electromagnetic noise is investigated. Based on the ANSYS simulation platform, the radial electromagnetic force and noise of an 8-pole, 48-slot permanent magnet synchronous motor are simulated and analyzed under different numbers of segments. Using Fourier decomposition, the spatiotemporal distribution of the main orders of radial electromagnetic force before and after skewed segmentation, as well as the changes in electromagnetic noise under different segmentation conditions, is obtained. The impact of rotor step with skewing on motor vibration noise is analyzed. The simulation results show that when the motor adopts rotor step with skewing, there is a significant improvement in the radial electromagnetic force and noise generated during vibration compared to a motor without rotor segmentation. Furthermore, as the steps increase, the suppressive effect of the skewed segments on motor vibration noise becomes more pronounced.

   16. Optimization of Oil Cavity Structure in Hydrostatic Bearings Based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

       Zhongjie Yan, Yunpeng Li, Wei Wei, Yongchao Yuan, Yifei Xiao

       Abstract

       As an important functional component of precision machine tools, improving the performance of static pressure rotary bearings is crucial for the development of high-end CNC machine tools. For the optimization problem of static pressure bearings with multidimensional nonlinear problems, based on multi-oil pad static pressure thrust bearings, with oil film stiffness, maximum tilting torque, and temperature rise as objective functions, and combined with a multi-objective particle swarm optimization parameter improvement optimization algorithm, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model was established to optimize parameter design. Without increasing the temperature, the oil film stiffness and tilting bearing capacity were improved. Finally, by manually dividing high-quality structured grids and establishing a model for flow field simulation analysis, it was found that the optimized design increased the oil film stiffness close to theoretical calculations, verifying the effectiveness of the optimization method. Provide a reference for the multi-objective optimization design of the oil chamber structure of hydrostatic bearings.

   17. Research on Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics of a Battery Module with PCM and Aluminum Plate Fins Structure

       Jiaji Chen, Ziqing Song, Biao Jin, Wentao Zhou, Huabin Chen

       Abstract

       To investigate the thermal runaway propagation characteristics of lithium-ion power batteries, a two-dimensional heat dissipation model for a battery module incorporating phase change material (PCM) and an aluminum plate fin structure was developed. Employing ANSYS software, the study analyzed the thermal propagation characteristics of the battery module, considering scenarios where a pair of batteries in the middle of the module was induced to thermal runaway. The simulation results revealed that when the spacing between heat source batteries is narrow, the heat transfer is rapid and mutually influential, intensifying the propagation of thermal runaway and posing a significant threat to the safety of the battery system. However, when the spacing is wider, the intensity of thermal runaway propagation decreases, resulting in a relatively higher level of safety for the battery system.

   18. Hybrid Damping Control Strategy for LLCL Grid-Connected Inverters Under Weak Grids

       Xun Zhu, Yanzhe Li

       Abstract

       In order to solve the problem of three-phase LLCL grid-connected inverter with harmonics at the switching frequency and at the resonance peak of the system under the weak grid, firstly, the comparative analysis of LLCL-type and LCL-type filters as well as the mathematical models when active damping method and passive damping method are respectively used, and then a hybrid damping method combining the active damping method and the passive damping method is proposed, i.e., based on the active damping method, a small resistor is added in series in the capacitive-inductive branch, combining the advantages of the two, to reduce the problem of long control delay of the active damping method without increasing the loss. The MATLAB simulation results show that the hybrid control strategy has a better harmonic suppression capability compared with the active damping method.

   19. Research on Modulation Strategies for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in Electric Vehicles

       Wei Zhou

       Abstract

       In the rapidly evolving field of electric vehicle (EV) technology, enhancing the performance of electric motors, specifically the widely used three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), is a key area of research. The focus is on improving efficiency and effectiveness through advanced control strategies. This study begins by examining the electric drive system’s design and then develops a mathematical model for the PMSM, applying the zero direct-axis current (\(id = 0\)) vector control approach for regulation. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink were conducted to compare three modulation techniques: the seven-segment, five-segment, and Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM), over different operating frequencies. The results show that at a lower frequency of 60 Hz, the seven-segment SVPWM has lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) compared to the other methods, while the five-segment approach exhibits significant torque ripples due to its use of zero vectors. At a higher frequency of 90 Hz, the THD for all techniques increases, leading to efficiency losses. However, the five-segment SVPWM demonstrates superior efficiency at these frequencies due to lower switch energy consumption. In conclusion, the seven-segment SVPWM is preferable for stable EV operation at lower frequencies, and the five-segment SVPWM is more efficient at higher frequencies. The findings provide a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the advancement of PMSM modulation strategies in the field of electric vehicles.