Advances in Engineering Materials

Table of Contents

1. A Brief Study on Machinability of Aluminium Alloys

   Jasjeevan Singh, Simranpreet Singh Gill, Manu Dogra, Rupinder Singh

   Abstract

   The use of aluminium alloys in manufacturing industry has increased substantially in current years. This is basically due to their ability to combine weightlessness and strength in a single material. The current paper focuses on a review of tool wear, power consumption, chip morphology, surface roughness, cutting temperature, cutting coolant, cutting forces and stresses during machining of aluminium alloy. Less work has been reported for use of non-edible/ionic fluids in machining of aluminium alloys we have covered. Thus, a lot of scope exists in the use of non-edible oil and ionic fluids for machining of aluminium alloys. This relevant information will give suitable choice for cutting conditions to the machine operators and engineers during machining of different aluminium alloys.

2. Taguchi Multi-machining Characteristics Optimization of W–Al–SiC Alloy

   Manoj Kumar, Naveen Anand Daniel

   Abstract

   In this experiment and study, Taguchi techniques and methods are employed to seek out the optimal process parameters for high speed steel cutting tool for machining W–Al–SiC bar. This paper clarifies the findings of the experimental impacts that are gotten to choose appropriate reducing parameters that check that less vitality utilization in high tare CNC machines. Using Taguchi strategy, the test was conducted with an expelled W–Al–SiC aluminum bar on CNC machines with three parameters as a process. Force expended (energy); output characteristic was estimated with the help of a data procurement framework. The info was analyzed and appropriate process parameters were chosen for least utilization. The experimental and study of the results have provided to verify the effectiveness of this approach. The CNC turning machine is used to conduct experiments based on the Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) with an orthogonal L9 array.

3. Development of Flexible Solar PV Panel Cleaning System

   Uren Mistry, Nidhi Panchal, Ujas Modi, Chetan O. Yadav, P. V. Ramana

   Abstract

   Solar energy is a major renewable source of energy and is now contributing to about 60–70% in the power generation sector for countries like India. Mostly, large solar farms are located in defoliated areas. These areas are more prone to dusty environment and bird droppings. This interference of pollutants reduces the power generating capacity of the PV module up to 50% if the modules are not cleaned over a period of month or two. The goal behind the development of flexible solar panel cleaning system is to minimize the adverse impact of pollutants on the panel surface thereby increasing the output of the PV modules. We have designed a mechanical system comprising of fine spray nozzle, helical brush, wiper, and driving mechanism which are actuated by Arduino UNO and motor driver. Solar PV modules are also incorporated on the roof to sustain power generation for the functioning of the system. This system is flexible to do dry and wet cleaning according to the requirement.

4. Effect of Metallic Fillers on Mechanical Properties of FRP Composite

   Aditya Pratap Singh, Avinash Yadav, Srashti Mishra, K. L. A. Khan, Anurag Gupta

   Abstract

   Using of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, due to their high specific modulus and corrosion resistance properties, becomes a common practice as an alternative to heavyweight metallic materials. Using metallic fillers in FRP composites provides electromagnetic shielding but can affect their mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, glass fibre reinforced polyester composite sheets are fabricated with mild steel as filler. Mild steel filler is extracted from gear grinding waste of CNC machine. An experiment is conducted to check the effect of metallic filler on tensile and flexural strength of FRP composite. Both flexural and tensile strength first decrease on the addition of filler content up to 15% while an increment has been observed when filler content is increased from 15 to 25% which is explained on the basis of dispersion of filler and bonding of filler particles with resin molecules.

5. Effect of Packing Factor on the Electrical Performance of Semitransparent Photovoltaic Thermal (SPVT) System: An Experimental Approach

   V. K. Chopra, R. K. Mishra, V. K. Dwivedi, B. Mohapatra

   Abstract

   Hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems are used for generating electricity as well as to regulate the heating effect of PV module. In different applications of hybrid PVT systems, the main emphasis is given on the electrical energy. In present paper, mathematical modeling is done for semitransparent photovoltaic thermal (SPVT) collector with air as the working fluid. The working fluid (air) sweeps away the excessive heat associate with the PV module and the temperature of module gets lowered which increases the electrical efficiency of PVT system. SPVT air collectors with three cases having different packing factors are considered. Case-I: SPVT air collector with 80Wp PV module (0.81 packing factor); Case-II: SPVT air collector with 50Wp (0.52 packing factor); Case-III: SPVT air collector with 25Wp (0.31 packing factor). The expression for electrical efficiency has been developed for all the three cases. For the circulation of air, a wooden duct of cross section of 0.86 m 0.63 m × 0.05 m is incorporated below the PVT module. Also a 10 W (D.C) fan is also used for force mode of operation. The result depicts that in case-III, PV module has 0.7% more efficiency than the efficiency of module in case-II and 1.7% more than the efficiency of module in case-I.

6. Challenges and Materials in Artificial Organ Manufacturing

   Sumit Budhiraja, Prerna Priya Ashok, K. Mathiyazhagan

   Abstract

   Additive manufacturing (AM), is also known as rapid prototyping, is considered as a revolution in field of manufacturing and fabrications and boosted the development in biomedical fabrication. The 3D printing technique is mostly utilized in the field of medical for the manufacturing of medical equipment and surgical equipment, especially 3D biomedical printing which means 3D printing of substance which are biologically compatible to human body, blood and cells in the field of tissue fabrications. The main aim of tissue fabrications and engineering is to produce the artificial organ which is functional and viable. To fulfill this objective, investigation of various manufacturing techniques and materials is required. The process is difficult as it includes multiple aspects of human physiology, like types of multiple cell culturing, vasculature, nerve innervation, and interactions with nearby cells. This paper objective is to find the suitable material, is difficult task and, need in-depth focus on why it is difficult & what are the factors influencing the negative role of effective utilization of 3D printing tissue engineering. Also, this paper focuses on comparative study of materials in economic perspective human organ manufacturing. At the end, the conclusion elaborates about the applications and challenges of additive manufacturing in medical field and the alternative materials for organ tissue manufacturing.

7. Study on Microstructure, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of High-Entropy Alloys

   Sushil Kumar, Satpal Sharma

   Abstract

   The research focus in almost all applications is currently high-entropy alloys (HEAs). HEAs comprise several main elements which can extend considerably more than conventional alloys by the possible number of HEA compositions. Different alloy structures with improved property combinations have been explored in the last 15 years to identify HEA systems, resulting in an extraordinary development of this area. This paper discusses a few essential topics in the field: core effects, phase development, mechanical features, high temperature, and corrosion behavior. It also outlines existing issues and future recommendations for product technology and research.

8. Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Parameters for Similar Base Material Combinations

   Abhishek Chauhan, Sanjeev Kumar

   Abstract

   In this investigation, FSW was carried out for similar base material combinations. Friction stir welding of plates having 6 mm thickness made up of AA2014 aluminium alloy, AZ31 magnesium alloy, and Al-SiC composite was done using alloy steel tool. The welding was carried out at different levels of rotational speed, feed rate, pin shape, and preheating. The effect of these welding parameters was studied on tensile strength and yield strength of the welded joints. The optimization of the selected parameters of friction stir welding was done using the Taguchi technique to suggest the optimal parameter values to the modern engineers. Analysis of results shows that rotational speed is a critical parameter which affects the tensile properties. The other significant parameters which affect strength of the joints are feed rate, material, and preheating.

9. Review of Materials and Processes Used in 4D Printing

   Ajay K. S. Singholi, Ajay Sharma

   Abstract

   Applications of smart materials are widely popular in various industries like medical, defence, space research, aerospace, etc. These smart materials are used to perform certain dynamic functions and reduce number of components required for dynamic functions. The dynamic functions are related to shape changing ability of the material. Generally, due to flexibility and economic point of view, all applications of smart materials follow conventional methods to make smart materials in use. Researchers have shown interest toward use of smart materials in 3D-printing methods exist in additive manufacturing and named this as 4D printing. The aim of the paper is wide go through on smart materials that are used in various 3D-printing methods. All smart materials (Alloys and polymers) have different set of physical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. These properties are the root of the use of the smart material for a particular type of 3D-printing methods. AS each 3D-printing method differ from other in principle and the use of input smart material. This paper emphasizes on the 3D-printing processes in light of use of smart materials. This study will help in easy characterization of 4D-printing methods based on various materials.

10. Tribological Properties and Morphological Analysis of Waste Fishbone-Filled Carbon-/Jute-Reinforced Polymer Composite

    N. K. Batra, Iti Dikshit, Harsimran Singh

    Abstract

    Using fishbone powder as a new biomass in processing nano-filled composites to evaluate the feasibility of using and developing a novel composite material for engineering application. In the present study, tribological behaviour of waste fishbone powder is reinforced with carbon/jute fabric hybrid in polyester matrix. The waste fishbone powder was used as nanofiller reinforced with polyester matrix in weight percentage of 5%. Dry sliding wear and friction tests were conducted on pin-on-disc apparatus with varying parameter, i.e., applied load and sliding distance with a sliding velocity of 2 m/s, evaluated in the form of wear loss and coefficient of friction (COF). It was found that the wear loss and friction of carbon/jute polyester-reinforced hybrid composites increased with fishbone as a filler, it was found that the cumulative weight loss of unfilled hybrid composite is 20% less than nano-filled fishbone hybrid composite. UFP₃₀₀ (70% polyester and 30% carbon fiber) sample shows the minimum wear loss and coefficient of friction among all the samples. The wear behavior of fabricated samples was explained and evaluated through SEM study in terms of the analysis of transfer film and its interfacial adhesion of transfer with the counterface surface of the disc.