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2019 | Book

The Institutional Logic of Harmonization: Local Versus Global Perspectives Read chapter Read first chapter

Advances in Enterprise Engineering XII

8th Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2018, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, May 28 – June 1, 2018, Proceedings

Editors: Prof. David Aveiro, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Sérgio Guerreiro, Dr. Wided Guédria

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, EEWC 2018, held in Luxembourg, Luxembourg, in May/June 2018.

EEWC aims at addressing the challenges that modern and complex enterprises are facing in a rapidly changing world. The participants of the working conference share a belief that dealing with these challenges requires rigorous and scientific solutions, focusing on the design and engineering of enterprises. The goal of EEWC is to stimulate interaction between the different stakeholders, scientists as well as practitioners, interested in making Enterprise Engineering a reality.

The 9 full papers and 3 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: on architecture; on security and blockchain; on DEMO; and on teaching.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter

On Architecture

Frontmatter
The Institutional Logic of Harmonization: Local Versus Global Perspectives
Abstract
Perspectives in organizations differ to which extent information systems (IS) should be tailored towards local (e.g., business unit) needs or toward organization-wide, global goals (e.g., synergies, integration). For contributing to overall IS performance success, the harmonization of different perspectives becomes essential. While many scholars have highlighted the role of IS management approaches, institutional studies argue that harmonization is not solely the result of managerial action, but a consequence of institutional pressures that guide organizational decision-making. In the paper at hand, we follow the call for adopting institutional theory on the intra-organizational level of analysis and study the logic of attaining harmonization along institutional pressures. By means of a revelatory case study, we find harmonization attained in a dynamic interplay between different institutional pressures. Mimetic pressures influence normative pressures, which in turn influence coercive pressures. Our findings as well as our implications for enterprise engineering guide prospective research in studying the attainment of harmonization through an institutional lens.
Maximilian Brosius, Stephan Aier, M. Kazem Haki, Robert Winter
Systems Approaches in the Enterprise Architecture Field of Research: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
This study explores the use of the systems approaches (systems thinking and systems theories) as the theoretical underpinnings for Enterprise Architecture (EA) research. Both the academic and the practitioner communities have maintained an interest in EA due to its potential benefits, promising for the recent technological and business advances. EA as a research area is, however, characterized by diversified views depicted in different definitions of the concept, and no acknowledged common theoretical foundation. A number of prior studies have noticed this gap in the EA field of research, and called for a strengthening of the theory of EA. Variegated systems approaches have been suggested as a theory base. The aim of this study is to examine if, and to what extent the systems approaches could provide a common theoretical foundation. We contribute with a systematic literature review on the state-of-art of systems approaches in EA research. We find that the systems approaches are, indeed, frequently referred to in the EA studies. However, as of yet, the application of these theories appears to be fragmented, and the approaches are rarely systematically used in empirical studies. We discuss the findings, reflecting to the types of theory and the use of theory in our area of research.
Jarkko Nurmi, Mirja Pulkkinen, Ville Seppänen, Katja Penttinen
Affordance-Driven Software Assembling
Abstract
Nowadays, the pace of technology innovation and disruption accelerates. This poses a challenge of transforming complex functionalities of enterprise systems to a new technological environment. In this paper, we explain how enterprise engineering \(\tau \)-theory and \(\beta \)-theory may help to manage the relationship between system function and its construction (F/C), thus facilitating changing technology challenges more rigorously and efficiently. We introduce the notion of Affordance-Driven Assembling (ADA) and its simplified version Objectified Affordance-Driven Assembling (O-ADA), which together with the so-called Semantic Descriptions represent a software-engineering approach enabling reasoning about users and their purposes versus components and their properties. Our experiments show that engineering methods based on these theories may increase reusability of code and improve important metrics such as costs, time reduction and error rate decrease, especially when switching to a new technology. We also discuss existing approaches related to ADA and O-ADA.
Ondřej Dvořák, Robert Pergl, Petr Kroha
Understanding Architecture Principles as Working Mechanisms
Abstract
This paper is the introduction of a new way of formulating architecture principles as working mechanisms by enterprise architects. This alternative way of formulating is aimed at producing more effective architecture principles than enterprise architects are currently producing. This new way of formulating architecture principles aligns with practices in physics and building architecture. Architecture principles need to be made much more effective because in them lies the added value of working with enterprise architecture: using principles to guide the design and realization of enterprise-wide solutions compliant to strategy and stakeholders requirements. In this paper, principles are proposed to be formulated as working mechanisms rather than general rules (guidelines). This will make them communicate contextual truths and will have them cause more effect in guiding the design and engineering of systems. This paper presents intermediate results of an ongoing research on architecture principles.
Mark Paauwe

On Security and Blockchain

Frontmatter
Decentralized Enforcement of Business Process Control Using Blockchain
Abstract
Lack of traceability and control is a problem nowadays identified by industries. There are many situations that prove the existence of this problem: lack of trust between actors, lack of information about defected products within business transactions, exception handling, actors performing workarounds and not conforming prescriptions, etc. To tackle this problem, we consider knowledge from (i) DEMO, an Enterprise Ontology that models business transactions and human interactions on organizations, and (ii) Blockchain, a technology that eliminates the need of intermediaries, provides trust among the actors and traceability over business transactions. Hyperledger Composer (HC) is a toolset example to develop Blockchain applications. This paper relates and integrates concepts between DEMO business transactions and HC, then applies the conceptualization to a context of business transactions supporting food supply and distribution. Moreover, an initial prototype implementation, supported on HC with two-clients using a user interface, shows traceability and control capabilities.
Diogo Silva, Sérgio Guerreiro, Pedro Sousa
Enterprise Engineering in Business Information Security
Abstract
Implementing and maintaining Business Information Security (BIS) is cumbersome. Frameworks and models are used to implement BIS, but these are perceived as complex and hard to maintain. Most companies still use spreadsheets to design, direct and monitor their information security improvement plans. Regulators too use spreadsheets for supervision. This paper reflects on ten years of Design Science Research (DSR) on BIS and describes the design and engineering of an artefact which can emancipate boards from silo-based spreadsheet management and improve their visibility, control and assurance via an integrated dash-boarding and reporting tool. Three cases are presented to illustrate the way the artefact, of which the realisation is called the Securimeter, works. The paper concludes with an in-depth comparison study acknowledging 91% of the core BIS requirements being present in the artefact.
Yuri Bobbert, Hans Mulder
Exploring a Role of Blockchain Smart Contracts in Enterprise Engineering
Abstract
Blockchain (BC) is a technology that introduces a decentralized, replicated, autonomous and secure databases. Smart contract (SC) is a transaction embedded to blockchain that contains executable code and its own internal storage, offering immutable execution and record keeping. Enterprise Engineering (EE) examines all aspects of organizations from business processes, informational and technical resources, to organizational structure. Therefore, blockchain and smart contracts have been subject of interest concerning the discipline of Enterprise Engineering (EE) and how they can be used together.
In this paper, principles for creating smart contracts from DEMO models are described and a software architecture of an IT system based on EE integrating smart contracts is proposed. Finally, a proof-of-concept implementation of a smart contract of a mortgage process using a DEMO methodology was developed, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concepts.
Barbora Hornáčková, Marek Skotnica, Robert Pergl

On DEMO

Frontmatter
Validating the DEMO Specification Language
Abstract
The Design and Engineering Method for Organisations (DEMO) is the principal methodology in Enterprise Engineering (EE). The Design and Engineering Method for Organisations Specification Language (DEMOSL) states the rules, legends, and metamodel of DEMO. Therefore, any DEMO model must comply with this specification. Moreover, to enable automation of the DEMO model validation, we need a metamodel that can accurately represent DEMO models. With DEMOSL as the appointed specification language for DEMO, with automation as target, we need to validate the fitness of DEMOSL for modelling DEMO.
Our findings provide insight into the amount of changes and the complexity and direction of change to complete the metamodel and make it usable for automation. We found that some incomplete, inconsistent or inadequate specifications in DEMOSL hinder its use as a prescriptive metamodel. We describe these limitations in DEMOSL as a whole and in the separate Construction Model (CM), Process Model (PM), Action Model (AM) and Fact Model (FM).
Finally, we conclude that the metamodel needs improvement to be able to model all allowed DEMO models.
M. A. T. Mulder
Modeling the System Described by the EU General Data Protection Regulation with DEMO
Abstract
In this paper we use Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) to formally describe the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679) which entries into force and application on May 25, 2018. This law introduces a paradigm shift in information systems by requiring by design and by default much more control on personal data and its processing. The data subjects can give and remove consent for processing and establish restrictions on what the data is processed for. They can also ask for their information, object to automated decision making based on it, require changes to that information or ask that it be erased (‘right to be forgotten’). When they ask for their information, it must be provided in a machine-readable format, which implies data portability and the ability to provide it to another party. This law creates a new role, the data protection officer, and assigns duties to data controllers, data processors, supervisory authorities, national authorities and EU authorities. This work shows how DEMO can present in a simple way the system described by this law, and analyses the challenges and insights provided by using this modeling method.
Duarte Gouveia, David Aveiro
DEMO as a Tool of Value Co-creation Strategy Realization
Abstract
Value co-creation is a new notion in contemporary business practice, which is now also becoming one of the key marketing concepts. The success of the value co-creation strategy is based on the DART (dialogue, access, risk-benefits and transparency) concept which is emerging as the basis for interaction between the consumer and the firm. Still, the lack of a formalized approach towards the representation of the DART mechanism remains an issue. Thus, the purpose of the present paper is to describe a formal approach based on DEMO methodology tools as an attempt aimed at value co-creation process modelling.
Eduard Babkin, Pavel Malyzhenkov
Colored Petri-Net for Implementing DEMO/PSI Transactions for N Actor Roles (N >= 2)
Abstract
This works proposes a colored Petri-Net for implementing DEMO/PSI Transactions. It is based on previous works by the community and on requirement clarifications that happened on a working session on 2017 Enterprise Engineering Working Conference. The solution was designed taking into consideration an asynchronous and distributed system. It also introduces the possibility of using the DEMO/PSI transaction with more than two actor roles. We develop a prototype to validate the proposed solution.
Duarte Gouveia, David Aveiro

On Teaching

Frontmatter
Towards a Multi-stage Strategy to Teach Enterprise Modelling
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the teaching of enterprise modelling. Enterprise models play an increasingly important role in society. In general, such models are not created as mere “one off” artefacts. They rather have a life of their own, covering a broad range of uses (from analysis and understanding, via simulation and design, to execution and monitoring), while involving an even broader variety of stakeholders/audiences. In our view, this increased use of, and even increased dependence on, enterprise models, also makes it important to teach people how to model well.
The aim of this paper is therefore twofold. Firstly, it aims to identify key challenges in teaching enterprise modelling. Secondly, it also aims to provide the humble beginnings of a multi-stage strategy to teach enterprise modelling, meeting these challenges. Both are rooted on a theoretical perspective of modelling, as well as practical experiences. We also reflect on the need for future experimentation and theoretical underpinning of the suggested teaching strategy.
Henderik A. Proper, Marija Bjeković, Bas van Gils, Stijn J. B. A. Hoppenbrouwers
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Advances in Enterprise Engineering XII
Editors
Prof. David Aveiro
Giancarlo Guizzardi
Sérgio Guerreiro
Dr. Wided Guédria
Copyright Year
2019
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-06097-8
Print ISBN
978-3-030-06096-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06097-8

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