Advances in Industrial Internet of Things, Engineering and Management

The paper proposes an algorithm that automatically determines the test data amount, depending on the bandwidth of the network channel, so the measurement procedure eliminates operator error. This is especially true during daily measurements, which are carried out on different days of the week. Daily measurements allow to estimate the base station single sector workload, a small area or the entire network as a whole. It is necessary to analyse the network operation and to optimize its problem areas. According to the results of the research, the authors of the paper revealed the hours of maximum and minimum load and load extrema, which is characterized by the fact that the number of subscribers using the cellular network for voice calls or data transmission is the maximum. The regularity of cases when the subscriber terminal is registered in the network but it is impossible to make a voice call or transmit data is revealed. If such a case is isolated, there is no need to change the network or perform optimization. However, if the network overload occurs at certain intervals, it is recommended to optimize the problem area of the network by dynamic power control or installation of an additional transmitter. This method of adjusting base station receivers is suitable for use in 4G and 5G networks.

Ensuring quick and fluent transit of an emergency response vehicle (ERV) can be a particularly challenging task in areas with increased traffic density. Sites where big cultural or sports events are organized, e.g., stadiums, concert halls, etc., impose one of the major challenges for emergency vehicles during peak hours before or after the event takes place. During a short time interval, many vehicles enter the road segments around the area, which can increase the emergency vehicle’s driving time significantly.

In this study, we examined the impact of various levels of ICT deployment on the driving time of an ERV under specific traffic conditions near a site where a large cultural or sports event takes place. Driving time of the ERV is evaluated using a realistic simulation of both traffic scenarios as well as communication technologies deployment. The impact of the communication on emergency vehicle’s driving time is evaluated for varying penetration of connected vehicles.

For the information exchange between Variable Message Sign (VMS) and Traffic Management Center (TMC), we designed Vehicle-To-Everything (V2X) application protocol which can be universally used both for the communication between TMC and VMS, as well as between VMS and vehicles.

The turbulent last decade of the twentieth century marked the retail trade of the Central and Eastern European cities with a significant transformation not only in the spatial organizational structure, but also in the prospects for its functioning. The urban network of retail facilities has undergone a development that can be described as the most spatially variable, based on a change of ownership in the industry, which in the 90s of the last century moved from a centrally managed to a market system, creating a highly competitive environment. The paper focuses on certainly the most visible aspects of the post-socialist development of the city of Central and Eastern Europe, which include spatial organizational changes, interrelationships between the retail sector and urban structures and the consumer behaviour of their inhabitants.

The aim of the scientific monograph chapter is to answer the basic research questions based on a detailed analysis of spatial changes and functional differentiation of the retail network of western Slovakia three regional cities—Trnava, Nitra and Žilina. To what extent are these cities moving towards a market-oriented city and losing their retail characteristics of the socialist period? There are the determinants of the expected onset of the new so-called the saturated stage resulting from the slowly flowing “purification” of the retail network from surplus sales area? Its initial manifestations were identified in the city of Nitra as early as 2012. The authors of the scientific monograph have answered these questions and the new configuration of these cities retail system by means of the area parameter indicator the Population to the Admissible Floor Space (PAFS). Another research question was whether, under the influence of new socio-economic conditions, there is a change in the purchasing behaviour of customers. To obtain an answer to this question, a behavioural survey was used in the most attractive shopping centres of the given regional cities. In Nitra, they include OC Galéria OC Mlyny and OC Centro, in Trnava—OC City Aréna, OC Galéria, ZOC Max and in Žilina—OC Aupark and OC Mirage. On the basis of chi-square analysis, the authors of the scientific monograph chapter have tested the relationship between the demographic characteristics of the respondents (gender, generation, household income, number of children in the household, employment status) and individual types of modern and traditional shopping behaviour in these shopping centres. According to the respondents, the above-mentioned shopping centres are suitably located. In the shopping behaviour of their customers, there is a change in modern shopping behaviour, which prevails over traditional. Testing has shown that demographic characteristics have an impact on consumer types of customers. The rate of this effect is low and slightly low.

The main purpose of this study is to develop a car accident detecting system using data obtained from the video recordings streams applying machine learning algorithms. The chapter contains the overview of modern machine learning methods and related neural network models. Mainly they are convolution or recurrent neural networks trained at big dataset. Such system can be successfully applied in different industries, for example, as a part of intelligent transportation system. In this purpose the proposed system helps react to car accidents fast and control traffic flows efficiently. The conducted analysis shows that the number of solutions in this topic is low and there are no alternatives at a local area. The main negative aspect is the necessity to handle a complicated computation within rational time intervals, but it is an inevitable process, taking into account growing flows of transportations. This system also can be a part of another complex system responsible to the car accident recognition and the gathering information about accident (statistical details time, calculating the fastest route for emergency service).

This paper presents the design and implementation of a new generation platform for the smart city ecosystem that offers valuable information on multiple urban dimensions, and whose knowledge provides a direct impact on a large spectrum of users with different interests. This platform will provide a powerful monitoring and control infrastructure that will enable planners to make critical management decisions both on tactical and strategic levels based on the knowledge acquired from the platform software components. This chapter describes such a component called Citizen Incident Reporting, which is a software module that allows citizens to effectively participate in the local governance by documenting their concerns and sending reports to the government order management services. As such, the mobile application will provide better communication between citizens that can spot problems and authorities responsible for their resolution within the Smart City ecosystem.

The scientific monograph chapter deals with the research and analysis of the perception of creativity and its importance for managers of different generation groups in the Slovak industrial enterprises. Creative thinking in the industrial practice is important from the point of view of the interests of enterprise prosperity and innovation. Managers use creativity in everyday activities such as planning or solving problems. The research sample was composed of three line managers—first line managers, middle line managers and top managers from the industrial enterprises in Slovakia. There are currently four generation groups in the labour market. Each generation group is different by their characteristics, and for the mentioned reason the authors of the scientific monograph chapter have decided to divide the managers according to their generation group. In order to evaluate the collected data, a questionnaire was developed by the authors of the scientific monograph chapter. The questionnaire contains eight questions and was physically distributed to industrial enterprises in western Slovakia. In the analytical section, the authors of the scientific monograph chapter set out four research questions. The obtained data were evaluated and the results were processed in tabular and graphical form. The results from the questionnaire survey can be used to develop the creativity of managers of different generation groups at a different line of management.

Some aspects of the development of mobile communication systems taking into account promising technologies and ITU recommendations are described. The basic principles of construction of mobile telecommunications networks are given, taking into account the potential implementation of any scenario for the implementation of virtual technical functions with established requirements for a given quality of service. The advantages and disadvantages of individual scenarios for the implementation of the concept of virtual technical functions are considered. The main problem of the project is the complexity of the organization, monitoring and management of the subscriber database, which can usually have different technologies and speeds. This is because MS today can move freely, changing the service areas of both BS and MSC at any location of the user using different mobile communication standards.

There have been several attempts to develop energy saving solutions in the residential sector due to the significant energy consumption in recent years. One of the promising solution is energy prediction in smart houses. The main idea behind this solution is that the residences are instrumented with different sensors and actuators in order to monitor and control energy usage of a household. For this purpose, this chapter presents a framework for energy consumption prediction in a household. Our framework collects real data from a residential house by a collection of sensors and then prepossesses the data. After that, it utilizes two well-known prediction models (multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and K-nearest neighbour (K-NN)) for energy consumption prediction at the current time. Moreover, our framework can predict the next hour energy consumption using long short-term memory (LSTM) as one of the widely used recurrent neural networks. Our obtained results on a real dataset show that MLP provides substantial prediction accuracy improvement over K-NN based model. The performance metric in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) metric for K-NN and MLP are 1.80 and 1.62, respectively. Furthermore, our results show that LSTM can achieve a minimum RMSE value (0.07).

Nowadays, electric vehicles interest is continuously growing due to the increasing of the oil price and environment pollution. Using electric vehicles in the agglomeration of the city seems a solution in order to decrease the pollution from combustion engines. The charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is expanding throughout the world and the production of charging stations is expected to grow rapidly over the next few years. The paper aims to analyze three different materials (steel, aluminum, and a composite material) that can be used in the manufacture of an electric car charger shell in terms of the stresses and deformations occurring under wind action (in extreme conditions). For the analyses, ANSYS software was used and the results showed the deformations and equivalent stresses for all the proposed materials.

One of the essential characteristics of the pumps is the head–capacity curve. The shape of this characteristic depends on the type of pump, its design features, and other parameters. Nowadays, for obtaining the head–capacity curve, widely used computer simulation by using computer programs which base on the finite volume method. The most popular program for this aim is ANSYS CFX. The results of numerical simulation from the above program have a reasonable correlation of the experimental results. Pump design has an inducer and booster, which are considered in the article. For optimization of them designing by using the above program, the parametric geometries are necessary. Method for making them is described in the chapter.

The chapter presents a management decision-making approach of logistics aspects in port during interactions between two kinds of transport. The described methodology is developed according to Industry 4.0 concept. Therefore, decisions are made based on smart methods used to obtain forecast values of cargo transshipment volumes. The methodology involves taking into account two restrictions related to technical peculiarities of the internal port infrastructure and technological aspects of the interaction between two kinds of transport. The hybrid neuro-fuzzy ANFIS system is used as a predictor. Time series values were previously selected from the retrospective sample in order to set up a fuzzy-neural model. These demand values are most informative and fully describe the current trends of grain cargo transshipments. The average prediction error does not exceed 4.99%. The actual capacity is calculated for overloading mechanisms in the port according to forecast. The formation of final management decisions was made after calculation of the necessity port capacity to ensure coordinated operation of trucks and loading mechanisms. The rational area of management decision-making in the organization of logistics systems operation in the port is defined. Mathematical formalization of further research aimed at minimization of ship service time in port is presented.