Advances in Mechanical and Power Engineering II
Selected Papers from The International Conference on Advanced Mechanical and Power Engineering (CAMPE 2023), October 16-19, 2023
- 2025
- Book
- Editors
- Holm Altenbach
- Xiao-Wei Gao
- Stavros Syngellakis
- Alexander H.-D. Cheng
- Piotr Lampart
- Anton Tkachuk
- Book Series
- Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Switzerland
About this book
This book covers theoretical and experimental findings at the interface between fluid mechanics, heat transfer and energy technologies. It reports on the development and improvement of numerical methods and intelligent technologies for a wide range of applications in mechanical, power and materials engineering. It reports on solutions to modern fluid mechanics and heat transfer problems, on strategies for studying and improving the dynamics and durability of power equipment, discussing important issues relating to energy saving and environmental safety. Gathering selected contributions to the XV International Conference on Advanced Mechanical and Power Engineering (CAMPE 2023), held online on October 16-19, 2023, from Kharkiv, Ukraine, this book offers a timely update and extensive information for both researchers and professionals in the field of mechanical and power engineering.
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Table of Contents
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Frontmatter
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Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering
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Frontmatter
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Parametric Effects on Advanced Exergy and Exergoeconomics of a Gas-Fired Steam Power Plant Boiler
Uchenna Azubuike, Howard Njoku, Onyemaechi EkechukwuThe chapter delves into the advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of a gas-fired steam power plant boiler, addressing the limitations of conventional methods. It focuses on splitting exergy destruction rates, costs, and investment into unavoidable and avoidable portions to determine improvement potentials. Additionally, it reveals endogenous and exogenous portions of exergy destruction rates to assess the influence of interconnected component inefficiencies. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the boiler's efficiency and cost-effectiveness, offering valuable insights for system optimization and improvement.AI Generated
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AbstractThe achievable potentials for thermal system components improvement and the interactions of the system components cannot be obtained solely by the conventional exergy and exergoeconomic analysis. This information is imperative in the design and operation of installed thermal systems. However, advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analyses employ exergy destruction splitting to reveal the limitations associated with the conventional exergy analysis. Parametric advanced exergy analyses have been previously performed to assess the performances of some thermal systems, limited however to gas-fired steam turbine power plants. The goal of this study was to apply the advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analysis to the boiler of a gas-fired steam power plant to assess the performances of the superheater under different operating conditions (temperature and pressure). The operating temperature of the superheater were found to significantly affect the splits of exergy destruction and the sum of cost rates of avoidable endogenous exergy destruction and avoidable endogenous investment. Increasing the current plant operating temperature of the superheater decreases the avoidable, endogenous, avoidable endogenous and avoidable exogenous exergy destruction rates by 2.6% (1.4 MW), 4% (11.5 MW), 3% (1.2 MW) and 1.4% (0.2 MW), respectively. However, decreasing the current plant operating temperature of the superheater decreases the sum of cost rates of its avoidable endogenous exergy destruction and avoidable endogenous investment by 7% (350 $/h). -
Aeroelastic State of Turbine Rotor During Harmonic Blade Oscillations
Lyubov Kolodyazhnaya, Yuriy Bykov, Romuald Rza̧dkowskiThe chapter delves into the aeroelastic state of turbine rotor blades during harmonic oscillations, highlighting the critical role of aerodynamic forces in blade vibrations. It discusses the potential for blade damage and the importance of understanding these dynamics for improving turbomachine reliability. The study focuses on a powerful 370 MW steam turbine, where blade root damage was detected. The authors use numerical methods to analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of the turbine blade row under harmonic oscillations, considering both ideal and viscous gas flows. The results reveal the dependence of aerodamping coefficients on interblade phase angles, showing potential unstable modes and the risk of flutter. The chapter offers a detailed comparison with other studies, confirming the validity of the proposed method and providing insights into the complex interaction between gas flow and blade oscillations.AI Generated
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AbstractThe rotor blades of the last stages of steam turbines have a considerable length and weight, and are subjected to significant unsteady loads, so the problem of the appearance of self-excited oscillations or auto-oscillations is relevant. Such oscillations are quite dangerous, reduce the blade system's service life, and affect the flow characteristics in the turbine. During the operation of a 370 MW steam turbine, damage was detected in the last stage rotor blades in the root region. Numerical studies did not reveal the conditions for the occurrence of oscillations with a dangerous amplitude. In this regard, a numerical analysis of the aeroelasticity of the last stage rotor blades was performed using an improved numerical method for modeling unsteady aerodynamics and harmonic oscillations of the blades. The results of the numerical study are presented in the form of a distribution of the work of aerodynamic forces on blade displacement for different values of interblade phase angles, as well as by blade height for the first five natural oscillation modes. The results of the calculations showed the presence of conditions for the excitation of blade oscillations for the first natural mode in one of the steam turbine operating modes. -
Experimental Studies of Diffuser Fins Effect in Pump-Turbine Draft Tube on Pressure Pulsations in Turbine Mode
Andrii Rusanov, Oleg Khoryev, Yevgen Ahibalov, Pavlo Korotaіev, Yuriy BykovThe chapter delves into the experimental studies of diffuser fins in pump-turbine draft tubes, focusing on their effect on pressure pulsations in turbine mode. It discusses the global renewable energy landscape, the challenges faced by hydroturbines due to the integration of renewable energy sources, and the need for improved maneuverability and stability. The study uses a model of the ORO5217 pump-turbine with RK5217 and RK5217M2 runners, examining the impact of fins of different lengths on pressure pulsations. The results demonstrate that fins can significantly reduce low-frequency pressure pulsations at partial loads, although their effect varies with runner design and operational conditions. The chapter also compares the findings with previous numerical and experimental studies, highlighting the importance of experimental validation in understanding hydroturbine dynamics.AI Generated
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AbstractOne of the methods of reducing the level of pressure pulsations in the flow part of a Francis pump-turbine for a heads up to 200 m by installing straightening fins in the suction pipe diffuser is experimentally investigated. The model of the Dniester PSP hydraulic machine with two types of runners was chosen as the object of study: RK5217, which is installed on units 1–4 of the plant, and its modification RK5217M2. The tests were conducted on the hydrodynamic test stand for a model with runner diameter of D1 = 350 mm. The stand has the status of a national heritage, meets the requirements of IEC 60193 for model studies of hydraulic machines and has an efficiency measurement error of ±0.25%. The runner blades and fins were made using 3D printing technology from PLA plastic, which significantly reduced the cost and time of the work. The study was conducted both without fins and with two versions of fins of different lengths installed in the diffuser. The pressure sensor is located in the diffuser behind the fins at a distance of 1.5D1 from the outlet of the runner. A comparison of the pulsation characteristics of the models with fins 170 and 300 mm long and without them at reduced rotational speeds corresponding to the minimum, nominal, and maximum heads at the Dniester PSP is presented. The pulsation characteristics of models with different runners are compared. It is shown that the length of the fins practically does not affect the pulsation characteristics in the draft tube diffuser. -
Liquid Vibrations Analysis of Baffled Reservoirs with Fuzzy Concepts Implementation
Neelam Choudhary, Kyryl Degtyariov, Vasyl Gnitko, Denis Kriutchenko, Elena StrelnikovaThe chapter delves into the critical issue of liquid vibrations in baffled reservoirs, which are widely used in various industries. It discusses the challenges posed by sloshing phenomena under intense loads and the need for accurate preliminary studies. The research methodology involves the implementation of fuzzy concepts to address uncertainties in load oscillations, providing a more robust analysis. The study employs boundary element methods and fuzzy mathematics to estimate dynamic characteristics, offering a novel approach to simulating liquid vibrations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of baffles in mitigating liquid vibrations, with significant reductions in sloshing amplitudes. The chapter also highlights the limitations of current methods and suggests future research directions, making it a valuable resource for specialists in the field.AI Generated
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AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to elaborate effective numerical methods for analyzing liquid vibrations in partially filled rigid reservoirs with baffles under coupled action of vertical and horizontal excitations. The novelty of the proposed approach consists in involving the fuzzy logic concepts for estimating uncertainties in loading parameters. It is supposed that the load frequencies and amplitudes are characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. First, the crisp boundary value problem is formulated for receiving own modes and frequencies of the liquid vibrations in the reservoirs without baffles, with circular horizontal, and vertical baffles. After receiving the solutions of these spectral problems by boundary element methods, the forced vibrations of liquid are considered. Modes, obtained at solving the spectral problems are used onwards as basic functions in series for an unknown potential and a free surface elevation. The forced vibrations are considered in a weakly nonlinear formulation, that leads to second order differential equations relative to generalized coordinates. Using the triangular fuzzy numbers for describing uncertainties in initial data, the fuzzy initial value problem is reduced to a system of fuzzified differential equations. The numerical solution of this system has been received and analyzed. -
Influence of Cylinder Diameter and Position on Thermal and Hydrodynamic Interaction of Shedding Vortices with the Heat Exchanger Wall
Basile Perly, Izabela Wardach-Święcicka, Dariusz KardaśThe chapter investigates the optimization of a counter-flow heat exchanger using cylindrical obstacles to generate von Kármán vortices, enhancing fluid mixing and heat transfer. It focuses on the influence of cylinder diameter and position on thermal and hydrodynamic interactions, demonstrating that strategic placement of cylinders can significantly increase heat transfer coefficients while minimizing pressure drop. The study employs detailed numerical simulations to analyze the impact of single and dual cylinder configurations, offering practical insights for heat exchanger design and optimization.AI Generated
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AbstractThe work is focused on optimizing a counter-current heat exchanger under laminar conditions using von Kármán vortices. Cylindrical obstacles placed in the hot channel generate vortices to mix the fluid and enhance the heat transfer between the hot and cold fluids. Numerical analysis is aimed at examining the influence of cylinders position and their diameter on the value of local and global heat transfer coefficient. Simulations are performed using one cylinder at the center of the hot channel, then two cylinders placed diagonally. The results show that increasing the diameter of the cylinder placed at the center of the cavity leads to an enhancement in heat transfer. However, it also results in a proportional increase in pressure drop. The results also demonstrate that it is preferable to position two small cylinders diagonally and closer to the walls to promote the mixing of the cold fluid within the thermal boundary layer with the hot fluid at the center of the cavity. Additionally, the horizontal gap between the two cylinders has a significant role in terms of local heat transfer. The geometry, therefore, should depend on the desired objective: whether one aims to increase heat transfer at a specific location or to enhance overall heat transfer along the heat exchanger.
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Energy Saving Technologies and Environmental Safety
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Frontmatter
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Assessment of the Second-Order Phase Transition Effect on the Thermal Efficiency of a Theoretical Rankine Cycle
Anatolii Tarelin, Iryna Annopolska, Yevhen Lukianov, Andriy TarelinThe chapter delves into the assessment of second-order phase transitions on the thermal efficiency of a Rankine cycle, highlighting the limitations of traditional methods and the potential of new approaches such as using force fields to alter water's thermodynamic properties. It reviews existing literature on the effects of magnetic fields on water and presents original experimental studies on the influence of a transverse magnetic field on water's heat capacity. The findings suggest that significant improvements in cycle efficiency can be achieved without major design changes, making this an exciting area for further research and application in power generation.AI Generated
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AbstractIncreasing the thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle by changing the thermodynamic characteristics of the working fluid of steam turbine plants by using the effect of a second-order phase transition under the targeted action of a magnetic field is considered. An analysis of experimental studies on the change in the physicochemical and thermodynamic characteristics of water under the influence of force fields is presented. The possible ranges of change in the specific heat capacity of water, volatility and hidden heat of vaporization are determined. Since an abrupt change in specific heat capacity occurs without heat supply or removal, it has been suggested that a second-order phase transition occurs at the first stage of the technological cycle after treatment with a force field, and a first-order phase transition occurs at the stage of vaporization. Numerical studies are performed for a specific simple reversible Rankine cycle with a change in heat capacity and hidden heat of vaporization. It is shown that even a small increase in the specific heat capacity only in the isobaric-isothermal process in front of the steam generator by 5% can lead to an increase in the thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle by 1.3%. Areas for further directions of the research were selected. Unlike traditional methods for increasing the thermal efficiency of the cycle of steam turbine plants, the availability to use the proposed approach will not require significant costs and changes in the design of power plants. -
Experimental Adjustment of a Double-Circuit Closed Loop System of Active Silencing of the Magnetic Field Generated by a Double-Circuit Power Line
Borys Kuznetsov, Ihor Bovdui, Olena Voloshko, Tetiana Nikitina, Valerii KolomiietsThe chapter delves into the critical issue of magnetic field exposure from overhead power lines near residential buildings, highlighting the health risks associated with prolonged exposure. It introduces a method for actively silencing the magnetic field generated by double-circuit power lines, focusing on the 'Barrel' type arrangement common in Ukraine. The research addresses the need for robust system design, incorporating uncertainties in the initial magnetic field model and proposing a stochastic multi-agent optimization algorithm for multi-criteria optimization. The chapter presents experimental results demonstrating a substantial reduction in magnetic field levels, making it a valuable resource for professionals seeking innovative solutions in power system safety.AI Generated
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AbstractThe method of adjustment of a double-circuit closed loop robust system of active silencing of the magnetic field generated by double-circuit overhead transmission lines with a “Barrel” type arrangement of wires in multy-storey residential building based on experimental measurements magnetic field space-time characteristics developed at first time. The adjustment of the channel regulators carried out in such a way that their magnetic field space-time characteristics are orthogonal to each other with separate operation of only the first and only the second channels. The problem of design of two degree of freedom robust two circuit system of active shielding of initial magnetic field comes down to a decision of the multi-criteria game. The payoff vector game calculated based on Ampere-Laplace law. The game solution calculated based on the stochastic particles multiswarm optimization algorithms. Experimental adjustment of the model of double circuit system of active silencing of magnetic field, generated by double-circuit overhead transmission lines with a “Barrel” type arrangement of wires in multy-storey residential building based on experimental measurements space-time characteristics are given. The possibility of initial magnetic flux density level reducing to the living safe level has been experimentally shown. -
Magnetic Field Active Silencing in One-Storey Old Buildings Closed to Power Line
Ihor Bovdui, Borys Kuznetsov, Olena Voloshko, Tetiana Nikitina, Borys KobylianskyiThis chapter delves into the critical issue of magnetic field exposure in one-story old buildings near power lines, which can exceed safe levels. It introduces active silencing methods as a viable solution, focusing on the design and experimental validation of a robust system. The research highlights the challenges of modeling uncertainties and the need for a high silencing factor, achieved through a minimax optimization approach. The chapter concludes with experimental results demonstrating a substantial reduction in magnetic field levels, making it a valuable resource for professionals seeking effective solutions to this problem.AI Generated
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AbstractIn this paper reduction of magnetic field generated by a single-circuit power line with a triangular arrangement of wires in a one-story residential old building by means of active silencing is proposed. The vector of the desired design parameters of the active silencing robust system, the components of which are the geometric parameters of the silencing windings and the desired parameters of the regulators for open and closed current control of the silencing windings calculated as vector minimax optimization problem. The vector objective function of this optimization problem calculated based on Biot-Savart’s law. The solution of this optimization problem calculated based on nonlinear multiswarm stochastic optimization algorithms. Results of experimental studies of robust system of active silencing for a magnetic field generated by a single-circuit power line with a triangular arrangement of wires in a one-story residential old building are given. Based on results of experimental studies the possibility of reducing of initial magnetic flux density level to the living safe level by means of active silencing shown. -
Modeling of Temperature Distributions in Axisymmetric Elements of Complex Metallurgical Systems on the Basis of Nonlocal Problems
Viktor Lyashenko, Michail D. Todorov, Elena Kobilskaya, Olga Demyanchenko, Dimitrios StatharasThe chapter delves into the modeling of temperature distributions in axisymmetric elements of complex metallurgical systems using nonlocal problems. It addresses the limitations of boundary value problems in accurately reflecting temperature distributions, especially at boundaries. The authors propose a mathematical model based on nonlocal integral conditions, focusing on energy balance to determine control parameters of the temperature field. The methodology involves solving a nonlocal inverse problem, which is validated through comparative analysis with experimental data from 3D printing and annealing processes. The results demonstrate the superiority of the nonlocal problem approach over traditional boundary value problems, making it a practical tool for temperature control in complex systems.AI Generated
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AbstractDuring the study and control of temperature distributions in moving and stationary axisymmetric elements of complex systems, mathematical models of heating processes play an important role. Unlike natural measurements of temperature in a finite number of points, these models help to analyze the temperature field in the entire heating area. The goal of this paper is to build a mathematical model of temperature distributions in moving and stationary axisymmetric elements of complex systems in the form of a nonlocal problem for the heat conduction equation with an integral condition, to develop a method for solving the nonlocal inverse problem. For the practical use and application of the mathematical model in the design of technological equipment, it is important to determine the control parameters of the temperature distribution. By introducing an integral condition to the mathematical model of the thermal process that occurs in a moving axisymmetric area, the control parameters of the temperature field are determined. In the paper, as additional information for formulating the inverse problem, a nonlocal integral condition is used, which is constructed based on the thermal energy balance condition in the heating area. This made it possible to increase the efficiency of temperature control in complex systems. A method for solving the nonlocal inverse problem of thermal conductivity was proposed. -
Experimental Study of the Porosity of Ni + Zn + Al2O3 Coatings Deposited by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying
Oleksandr Shorinov, Kostyantyn BalushokThe chapter delves into the experimental study of the porosity of Ni+Zn+Al2O3 coatings deposited by low-pressure cold spraying, a method known for its high-quality characteristics and low operating temperatures. The research focuses on the key physical mechanisms of cold spraying, such as particle acceleration and adhesive-cohesion bonding. It highlights the significance of optimizing process parameters, including temperature, pressure, and spraying distance, to achieve the desired coating properties. The study employs a full factorial experiment to analyze the influence of these parameters on coating porosity, providing valuable insights into the relationships between process variables and coating quality. The results offer a foundation for developing technological recommendations for forming protective and restorative coatings on titanium alloy parts, contributing to advancements in the field of materials science and engineering.AI Generated
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AbstractThe goal of the article is to understand the effect of temperature and air pressure at the inlet to the supersonic nozzle, as well as the distance from the nozzle to the substrate (stand-off distance), on the microstructure and porosity of coatings obtained from Ni + Zn + Al2O3 powder mixture during low-pressure cold spraying. In the study, a nickel-based powder mixture was used as a powder material, in which the proportion of Al2O3 is approximately 30% mass. VT9 titanium alloy plates were used as the substrate material. Based on the multi-factor planning of the experiment, the influence of complex parameters of the low-pressure cold spraying on the porosity of coatings was studied. Porosity estimation was performed on prepared microsamples using electron microscopy. The scientific novelty is the following: the dependences of the influence of complex parameters of the spraying process on the porosity of Ni + Zn + Al2O3 coatings are constructed from the analysis of the obtained statistical data. The results show that the air temperature has the greatest influence on the studied parameter, and by changing the spraying modes it is possible to control the porosity values in a rather wide range, which ranged from 2.7% to 6.6% in this study. The practical value is that obtained results can be used for development of technological recommendations for cold spraying of nickel-based coatings with minimum porosity for surface protection and repairing. -
System of Automatic Notification of Personnel About Damage to Power Supply Facilities
Sergiy Panchenko, Valentyn Moiseienko, Olha Аnanіevа, Mykhailo Babaiev, Vasyl SotnykThe chapter presents a comprehensive system for automatic notification of railway personnel about damages to power supply facilities. It highlights the relevance of this system in the context of recent technological advancements and the urgent need to improve response times due to war-related infrastructure damages. The authors discuss the current state of automated control systems and identify gaps that can be addressed by integrating modern information technologies. The proposed system aims to reduce unproductive time and human errors by automating the notification process, using personal mobile devices for communication, and implementing a scoring system to motivate personnel. The chapter also touches on the potential for outsourcing maintenance and repair processes and the need for further regulatory and methodological developments in the power supply sector.AI Generated
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AbstractModern power supply systems have a direct impact on the development of industry, transport, economic and social aspects. Being one of the most complex and powerful consumers of electricity, electric power complexes of railway transport are constantly faced with emergency and non-working situations.Changes in weather conditions, natural disasters, lightning strikes, overloads, and terrorist attacks often lead to their shutdown. Therefore, the study of the issues of early automatic notification of technical personnel about damage to railway power supply facilities is relevant. The report shows that despite the new information technologies used in the operation of modern automated dispatch control systems for railway power supply devices, the process of interaction with technical personnel has not changed significantly.The presence of a human operator integrated into the mechanism for transferring information from the control system to technical personnel leads to additional, sometimes significant, unproductive losses of time. They can occur due to errors, distraction, or operator fatigue. Therefore, it becomes necessary to eliminate intermediate circuits in the process of transmitting information and withdrawing a person from this technological operation.This will not only reduce ineffective losses of time but also improve fault tolerance. The paper proposes a new approach to building a system for organizing the maintenance and repair of power supply devices based on the principle of interactive cooperation between the control system and technical personnel and the introduction of information computer-integrated technologies. -
Effective Management of Water Resources Cooling System Discharges at Nuclear Power Plants
Pavlo Kuznietsov, Olesya Yaroschuk, Olha Biedunkova, Alla Pryshchepa, Oleksandr AntonyukThe chapter delves into the critical role of effective water management in nuclear power plants, focusing on the Rivne NPP as a case study. It highlights the significant water consumption in nuclear power generation and the need for innovative water use practices to ensure sustainable operation. The research includes an in-depth analysis of cooling system designs, water treatment methods, and environmental impact assessments. Key findings show that optimizing water use through recycling and reuse can significantly reduce water consumption and environmental impact. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of robust monitoring programs to maintain water quality and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the challenges and solutions in water management for nuclear power plants, making it a must-read for professionals in the field.AI Generated
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AbstractWater use at nuclear power plants is essential for the safe, reliable, efficient, and sustainable operation of power facilities. The purpose of the research is to analyze the compliance with water use, temperature influence, and pollutant discharge into the surface waters of the Styr River at the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant. The research was based on long-term average data of environmental and operational factors of the power plant, using classification and generalization approaches, computational mathematical methods, and assessment of compliance with current water quality standards. The positive effect of lime softening on the reduction of cooling water replenishment consumption by up to 30% in different seasons has been demonstrated. The absence of temperature effects of return cooling water discharges on the environment was proved, the value of which was 1.07 ± 0.64 ℃. Cooling water quality was monitored and it was found that there is no negative impact on the structural materials of the cooling system and low-scale formation, which are explained by the fact that the actual values of water quality indicators to the results of monitoring over long periods are 1.0 times lower than the standard. The elements of an effective water management system for the cooling system of the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant are proposed to solve environmental and technological problems. The practical value of the research lies in the possibility of applying the methods to other nuclear power plants. -
Modelling Safety System of Waveguides Made of Regenerated Hard Alloy
Oleksandr Shapoval, Iurii Savchenko, Yurii Parshyn, Oksana Khrebtova, Viktoriia KulynychThe chapter delves into the innovative industrial technology of producing waveguides and tools from tungsten-cobalt and tungsten-nickel alloys by directly regenerating secondary raw materials without traditional thermochemical and metallurgical methods. It highlights the use of shock-wave treatment to enhance the structural and mechanical properties of these alloys, making them suitable for various applications, including precision instrumentation and corrosion-resistant tools. The study also discusses the economic viability and environmental benefits of this technology, positioning it as a sustainable solution for the recycling of hard alloys from obsolete munitions. The chapter is rich in technical details, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition, grinding methods, sintering processes, and the physical and mechanical properties of the regenerated alloys.AI Generated
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AbstractIf obsolete munitions are no longer needed, then their components, in particular high-quality metals, are quite suitable for use. Hard alloys of the tungsten carbide-nickel-cobalt system have been developed with different content of components compared to the traditionally used tungsten-cobalt alloys, which, in the presence of the same binder percentage, have increased hardness and flexural strength and, due to this, increased wear resistance. It has been established that in the regenerated mixtures the cobalt content corresponds to its content in the original scrap, the content of bound carbon corresponds to the stoichiometric content for each grade of alloy, the content of free carbon does not exceed the norm, and the physical and mechanical properties of sintered alloys meet the requirements for standard alloys of the corresponding grades. To increase the flexural strength, it is necessary to choose a binder in the nickel to cobalt ratio of 0.5–0.6. The obtained WCNi alloy powders are not in high commercial demand, but they can be used to manufacture new designs of projectile cores. Compositions with new properties have been developed for mass use of the WC + Ni type powders for cutters of rock-cutting tools, mandrels, blanks, and dies for drawing wire and pipes from ferrous and non-ferrous metals. -
Increasing the Life of Lance Tips with Extended Laval Nozzles
Iurii Savchenko, Oleksandr Shapoval, Sergei Panteikov, Inna Zhulkovska, Oleg ZhulkovskyiThe chapter focuses on the critical role of top oxygen lance tips in the steelmaking process and the challenges posed by their limited durability. It delves into the development of a new design featuring extended Laval nozzles and an improved cooling system, which has been shown to dramatically increase the lifespan of these components. The research involves high-temperature modeling, experimental validation, and a detailed analysis of the cooling dynamics within the lance tips. The new design not only enhances the efficiency of the cooling process but also addresses the common issue of stagnant water zones, leading to a significant improvement in the overall performance and longevity of the lance tips. The findings have important implications for the steel industry, offering a practical solution to a persistent problem that affects productivity and operational costs.AI Generated
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AbstractThe purpose of this work is to develop high-strength mechanical designs for feeding oxygen into the cavity of converters. On the basis of the conducted set of industrial experiments, for the first time the hypothesis of significant increase of lance tip durability at providing cooling of nozzle zones of their copper bowls was confirmed and high degree of efficiency of this method was established. A new design (patent-protected) of lance tip with five extended Laval nozzles was developed, which due to a more rational distribution of a coolant in it, allowed increasing its resistance by 2.205 and 4.195 times in comparison with two similar designs. It was found that the external welding seams around the Laval nozzles at the end of the copper bowl are the limiting link that prevents significant durability of welded lance tip structures. This is in favor of forged and/or solid-steel lance tip designs with higher durability, which would be improved to a greater extent by providing cooling in the back-to-back (with water flow) zones of the copper bowls. The results of experimental evaluation of effectiveness degree of lance tip design, reflected in the work, testify to the possibility of more effective solution of the problem of low durability of lance tip of this type, which is always present at the converter shops in operation. -
Development of the Slag-Splashing Lance for Slag Skull Coating the Converter Lining
Elena Panteikova, Sergei Panteikov, Oleg Zhulkovskyi, Inna Zhulkovska, Iryna PieievaThe chapter discusses the evolution of the Slag-Splashing Lance, a revolutionary tool for applying liquid slag to converter linings to extend their service life. It begins with an introduction to ferrous metallurgy and the significance of the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) process. The chapter then delves into the historical development of slag-splashing technologies, from their inception in Japan to their widespread adoption globally. It highlights the economic and environmental benefits of these technologies, such as reduced lining replacement costs and waste production. The core of the chapter focuses on the development of a new skull lance design, which features grouped lance nozzles of different cross-sections to apply slag more effectively to worn areas. The chapter includes detailed descriptions of the design, testing, and results of the new lance, demonstrating its effectiveness in increasing lining durability and reducing refractory consumption. Additionally, it discusses ongoing research and future developments aimed at further improving the durability of these lances. The chapter concludes with a summary of the findings and their implications for the steelmaking industry.AI Generated
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AbstractThe aim of the work is to develop mechanical equipment for resource-saving technology of applying liquid slag to refractory lining of 250-ton converters in order to form a protective layer of slag garnish on its working surface. On the basis of the conducted set of industrial experiments the hypothesis of significant increase of BOF lining durability with organization of liquid slag blow with its primary run-out on the most worn trunnion zones was confirmed for the first time. In order to check this hypothesis, the new design of skull lance (patent protected) with grouped lance nozzles of different cross-section at the face of lance tip was developed, produced and tested. This allowed to form the protective slag layer at the working surface of liner both at the bottom part (walls) of converter and at the mouth of the unit. In the course of the converter's campaigns, this ensured that the more worn areas of the converter's lining would be repaired by forming a thicker slag layer on them, thus obtaining a total lining thickness (masonry + slag layer) on these areas that is almost the same as on the other (less worn) working surfaces of the lining with reduced slag carry-over from the converter and reduced refractory consumption. -
Techno-Economic Method for the Rational Choice of Air Source Heat Pumps for Bivalent Heating Systems
Mikhail Kuznetsov, Victoria Tarasova, Andrii KostikovThe chapter introduces a techno-economic method for selecting air source heat pumps in bivalent heating systems, addressing the challenge of transitioning to energy-efficient technologies. It highlights the importance of adapting heat pump characteristics to local climatic and economic conditions to minimize costs and enhance competitiveness. The method is demonstrated through a case study of a typical residential building in Kharkiv, showcasing how the proposed approach can lead to significant cost savings and increased efficiency in heating systems.AI Generated
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AbstractThe actual problem of modern energy, both in Ukraine and around the world, is the transition to energy-saving technologies, such as heat pumps using renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study is to develop a techno-economic method for the rational choice of air source heat pumps offered on the market for use in bivalent heating systems, taking into account the technical characteristics specified by the manufacturers and local climatic and economic conditions. The scientific novelty is the optimization of the objective function of resulting costs according to energy, climatic and economic parameters for the subsequent choosing of the most rational heat pump from the model range. The practical value of this study lies in the development of a software package that makes it possible to obtain an unambiguous analytical solution for choosing the most rational heat pump option from a model range based on the data given in the manufacturer's catalogs and climate tables for a specific region, without carrying out labor-intensive traditional technical and economic calculations. Using this method, a rational model of a heat pump was chosen for the bivalent heating system of a building in Kharkiv. The result of the calculation is the construction of a graph of the objective function of the resulting costs for the analyzed number of heating seasons and the accepted electricity tariff. The rational model of the heat pump corresponds to the minimum of the resulting costs.
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- Title
- Advances in Mechanical and Power Engineering II
- Editors
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Holm Altenbach
Xiao-Wei Gao
Stavros Syngellakis
Alexander H.-D. Cheng
Piotr Lampart
Anton Tkachuk
- Copyright Year
- 2025
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Switzerland
- Electronic ISBN
- 978-3-031-82979-6
- Print ISBN
- 978-3-031-82978-9
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82979-6
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