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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Africa and Portugal

Author : Clara Carvalho

Published in: Africa and the World

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Chapter 7 discusses Portugal’s foreign policy, which is exclusively directed towards the Portuguese-speaking African countries—Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP)—marked by aid and cooperation; trade and economic exchanges; and political and strategic mediation. The author underscores that Portugal’s relationship with Lusophone Africa has been greatly determined by its accession to the European Union (EU) in 1986, and the end of civil war in Angola and Mozambique. The chapter critically assesses the role of the Community of Portuguese-Language Countries as an effective forum for implementing economic and development policies in Africa during the post-Cold War era. But given the mixed interests of Portugal, in Angola, Mozambique, and other PALOP countries, the author notes that Portugal’s influence in Africa was largely eclipsed by Brazilian interests, especially during the administration of Luiz Inácio “Lula” da Silva.

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Footnotes
1
I thank Maria João Seabra and Rui Almas for their generous assistance with this chapter.
 
2
UNDP, “Sustainable Development in Timor-Leste: National Report to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development on the Run Up to Rio plus 20”, February 2012, https://​sustainabledevel​opment.​un.​org/​content/​documents/​978timor.​pdf, p. 6.
 
3
Luís Nuno Rodrigues, “About-Face: The United States and Portuguese Colonialism in 1961”, E-journal of Portuguese History 2(1) (2004), pp. 1–10. See also Asis Malaquias, Rebels and Robbers: Violence in Post-Colonial Angola (Stockholm: Elanders Gotab AB, 2007), pp. 48–9.
 
4
Luís Nuno Rodrigues, “The United States and Portuguese Decolonisation”, Portuguese Studies 29(2) (2013), https://​doi.​org/​10.​5699/​portstudies.​29.​2.​0164, pp. 164–85.
 
5
See Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, Magnificent and Miserable: Angola Since the Civil War (Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2015).
 
6
Joseph Hanlon, Beggar Your Neighbours: Apartheid Power in South Africa (London: Currey, 1986), pp. 169–70.
 
7
Alex Vines, “Portugal, the EU, and Africa”, in Adekeye Adebajo and Kaye Whiteman (eds), The EU and Africa: From Eurafrique to Afro-Europa (London: Hurst, 2012), pp. 365–85.
 
8
Patrick Chabal, “The end of Empire”, in Patrick Chabal with David Birmingham, Joshua Forrest, Malyn Newitt, Gerhard Seibert, and Elisa Silva Andrade (eds), A History of Postcolonial Lusophone Africa (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), pp. 3–28.
 
9
Chabal, “The end of Empire”.
 
10
Chabal, “The end of Empire”.
 
11
Chabal, “The end of Empire”.
 
12
Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, “Africa since the end of the Cold War”, International Relations24 (2009), pp. 93–114, http://​www.​scielo.​mec.​pt/​pdf/​ri/​n24/​n24a11.​pdf
 
14
Maurizio Carbone, “The European Union and China’s Rise in Africa: Competing Visions, External Coherence, and Trilateral Cooperation”, Journal of Contemporary African Studies 29(2) (2011), http://​www.​tandfonline.​com/​doi/​abs/​10.​1080/​02589001.​2011.​555195, pp. 203–221.
 
15
Alex Vines and Indira Campos, “China and India in Angola”, in Fantu Cheru and Cyril Obi (eds), The Rise of China and India in Africa (London: Zed Books, 2010), pp. 193–207.
 
16
Maurizio Carbone, “The European Union and China’s Rise in Africa”; see also Fantu Cheru and Cyril Obi, The Rise of China and India in Africa (London: Zed Books, 2010).
 
17
Maurizio Carbone, “The European Union and China’s Rise in Africa”; see also Fantu Cheru and Cyril Obi, The Rise of China and India in Africa.
 
18
Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, “Africa since the end of the Col War”; see also Ricardo Pedrosa de Sousa, “External Interventions in Post–Cold War Africa”, International Interactions Journal 41(4) (2015), http://​www.​tandfonline.​com/​doi/​abs/​10.​1080/​03050629.​2015.​1028626
 
19
António Raimundo, “Mapping the Agency of a Small, Former Colonial Power : Portugal and EU Political Conditionality in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Journal Perspectives on European Politics and Society 15(4) (2014), pp. 589–605; see also Tiago Moreira de Sá and Emanuel Bernardes Joaquim, “‘The sex of the angels’ and the Portuguese foreign policy”, Publico, 22 August 2015, https://​www.​publico.​pt/​2015/​08/​22/​opiniao/​noticia/​o-sexo-dos-anjos-e-a-politica-externa-portuguesa-1705180; and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, “Brief Essay on Portuguese foreign policy”, Portuguese Institute of International Relations 28 (2010), pp. 51–60.
 
20
Patrícia Magalhães Ferreira, Fernanda Faria, Fernando Jorge Cardoso, “Study: The Role of Portugal in the Global Architecture of Development: Options for the Future of Portuguese Cooperation”, The Marquês de Valle Flor Institute, 29 February 2016, http://​www.​imvf.​org/​ficheiros/​file/​estudocooperacao​portuguesa_​net.​pdf
 
21
Raimundo, “Mapping the Agency of a Small, Former Colonial Power”.
 
22
See World Bank, “Country Indicators: Portugal”, http://​data.​worldbank.​org/​country/​portugal
 
23
Ferreira, Faria, and Cardoso, “The Role of Portugal in the Global Architecture of Development: Options for the Future of Portuguese Cooperation”.
 
24
Ferreira, Faria, and Cardoso, “The Role of Portugal in the Global Architecture of Development: Options for the Future of Portuguese Cooperation”, p. 42.
 
25
Ferreira, Faria, and Cardoso, “The Role of Portugal in the Global Architecture of Development: Options for the Future of Portuguese Cooperation”, p. 44.
 
26
Alex Vines, “Portugal, the EU, and Africa”, in Adekeye Adebajo and Kaye Whiteman (eds) The EU and Africa: From Eurafrique to Afro-Europa (London: Hurst, 2012), pp. 365–85.
 
27
Ferreira, Faria and Cardoso, “The Role of Portugal in the Global Architecture of Development: Options for the Future of Portuguese Cooperation”.
 
28
Carlos Sangreman anf Raquel Faria, “The values of Portuguese International Cooperation for Development”, Journal of Social Science for Policy Implications 3(2) (2015), pp. 49–56.
 
29
Data retrieved from Ferreira, Faria, and Cardoso, “The Role of Portugal in the Global Architecture of Development: Options for the Future of Portuguese Cooperation”, p. 51.
 
30
Ferreira, Faria, and Cardoso, “The Role of Portugal in the Global Architecture of Development: Options for the Future of Portuguese Cooperation”, pp. 24–5.
 
31
Alex Vines, “Portugal, the EU, and Africa”.
 
32
Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, “On Relations between Portugal and Angola at the end of thirty years: a critical essay”, International Relations 8 (2005), pp. 55–72; see also Vines, “Portugal, the EU, and Africa”.
 
33
Raimundo, “Mapping the Agency of a Small, Former Colonial Power”.
 
34
AIP, “Portugal—regional economic markets and the relationship between the countries of the CPLP”, 2014, https://​www.​cgd.​pt/​Empresas/​Plataforma-Internacional/​Estudos/​Documents/​7-PORTUGAL-Integracao-regional-paises-CPLP.​pdf, p. 9.
 
35
AIP, “Portugal—regional economic markets and the relationship between the countries of the CPLP”, p. 9.
 
36
AIP, “Portugal—regional economic markets and the relationship between the countries of the CPLP”, p. 24.
 
37
LUSA, “Passos Coelho promotes ‘eocnomic and energy lusophony’”, Jornal de Negócios, 2 June 2014, http://​www.​jornaldenegocios​.​pt/​economia/​detalhe/​passos_​coelho_​promove_​lusofonia_​economica_​e_​energetica.​html
 
38
AIP, “Portugal—regional economic markets and the relationship between the countries of the CPLP”, p. 11.
 
39
AIP, “Portugal—regional economic markets and the relationship between the countries of the CPLP”.
 
40
AIP, “Portugal—regional economic markets and the relationship between the countries of the CPLP”, p. 11.
 
41
LUSA, “Passos Coelho promotes ‘economic and energy lusophony’”.
 
42
See Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, Magnificent and Miserable.
 
43
Davin O’Regan and Peter Thompson, “Promoting the stability and reconciliation in Guinea-Bissau: Lessons from the first Narco-State of Africa”, 2013, http://​africacenter.​org/​wp-content/​uploads/​2016/​06/​ASR02PT-Promover-a-Estabilidade-e-a-Reconcilia%C3%A7%C3%A3o-na-Guin%C3%A9-Bissau-Li%C3%A7%C3%B5es-do-Primeiro-Narco-Estado-de-%C3%81frica.​pdf
 
44
AIP, “Portugal—regional economic markets and the relationship between the countries of the CPLP”.
 
46
AIP, “Portugal—regional economic markets and the relationship between the countries of the CPLP”, p. 30.
 
Metadata
Title
Africa and Portugal
Author
Clara Carvalho
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62590-4_7