Skip to main content
Top

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

13. Agripoetic Resistance in Urban Architecture and Planning in the European World

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the architectural responses to the evolution of human–nature relationships throughout history within European urban context by reviewing design practices with a focus on farming as a settling and dwelling. Drawing from Martin Heidegger’s notion of poiesis and Henri Lefebvre’s definition of urbanization, we elaborate on the ways that global urbanization controlled by neoliberal forces is challenged through a poetic urban agricultural tactic, namely agripoetics, an opposition to scientific and quantitative thinking of mass production for the sake of efficiency and profit. Agripoetic resistance overcomes one of the most controversial challenges of urban society—the impossibility to shape itself through the shape of its cities. Through agripoetic resistance, human–nature relations unfold with new meanings as social activists and architects, activism and profession merge together, while the rights to the nature, food, and city blend in a new modality of dwelling.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
Poetic truth has its origin in the strife between the world and earth. The phenomenon of the world is located within Heidegger’s wider discussion of the meaning of being human (Dasein), which is “being-in-the-world.” On “being-in-the-world,” Heidegger states that “Dasein is an entity which, in its very Being, comports itself understandingly towards that Being. […] Dasein exists.” (Heidegger 2008a, 78). Heidegger also says that “[…] to Dasein, Being in a world is something that belongs essentially. Thus, Dasein’s understanding of Being pertains with equal primordiality both to an understanding of something like a ‘world’, and to the understanding of the Being of those entities which become accessible within the world.” (Heidegger 2008a, 33) Entities such as equipment, tools, and animals are worldless (Heidegger 2008a, 81, 2008c, 170); they may not encounter each other, and the only way they can be brought into each other’s proximity is by being within a world. According to Heidegger, an entity can only be encountered by Dasein and “an entity can ‘meet up with’ Dasein only in so far as it can, of its own accord, show itself within a world.” (Heidegger 2008a, 84) The world that Heidegger has in mind is the context of significance against which all entities gain their meaning. Thus, Heidegger refuses the division of subject and object that has come down to us from Descartes. In his later philosophy, Heidegger introduces the notion of earth as against the notion of world. The earth and the world are in a paired relationship and are rivals in a process of unconcealment and concealment. Only in this rivalry with the earth, the world begins to show its worldhood, and the relation between human beings and the earth is revealed. Roth summarizes that “dasein is not a subject, it is a relation, so too the world is not an object but a totality of relationships [and]… earth is the ground upon which the relationships of the world are fostered.” (1996, 32) Furthermore, the earth is the ground on which the limits of the world may be pushed further. The strife between the world and earth is analogous to human–nature relations.
 
2
Aristotle divides knowledge into three categories—episteme, techne, and phronesis. Episteme is the type of knowledge gained through theoria or disinterested pure thinking—contemplation and reasoning. Phronesis, or practical wisdom, is the type of knowledge gained through praxis or actions and doing. Praxis may be further divided into ethics, economics, and politics, which are considered applied knowledge. Techne, or arts and crafts, is the type of knowledge gained through poiesis or poetics—the experience of production. Episteme, phronesis, and techne are known as theory or science, practice, and arts and crafts, respectively, in the contemporary era. See (Aristotle 2000).
 
3
Earth has been described in the following way by Heidegger that resembles physis: “Earth is the serving bearer, blossoming and fruiting, spreading out in rock and water, rising up into plant and animal.” See (Heidegger 2008b, 351).
 
4
For these examples, see (Lefebvre 2003, 4).
 
5
In Lefebvre’s opinion, living in the city is miserable. Urban dwellers live alienating days, commuting between house and working location in a repeated cycle. Writings on Cities. (159)
 
6
We refer to the definition of Henri Lefebvre: “…transformations that affect contemporary society” from the period of questioning the industrialized model to the period of searching solutions to urban problems. See (Lefebvre 2003, 5).
 
7
Carroll-Spillecke (1992).
 
8
The quote comes from Green’s “Short History of the English People,” Chapter X.
 
9
To read a comprehensive analysis of “Village Radieux,” see the chapter written by McLeod (2015).
 
10
Published in Heather Ring’s (2012) article in Lotus International and in Moira Lascelles’s (2011) book “The Union Street Urban Orchard: A Case Study of Creative Interim Use.”
 
Literature
go back to reference Aristotle (2000) Nicomachean ethics (trans: Crisp R). Cambridge University Press, New York Aristotle (2000) Nicomachean ethics (trans: Crisp R). Cambridge University Press, New York
go back to reference Boone C, Modarres A (2006) City and environment. Temple University Press, Philadelphia Boone C, Modarres A (2006) City and environment. Temple University Press, Philadelphia
go back to reference Cabedoce B, Pierson P (1996) Cent Ans d’Histoire des Jardins Ouvriers, 1896–1996: La Ligue Francaise du Coin de Terre et du Foyer. Créaphis, Paris Cabedoce B, Pierson P (1996) Cent Ans d’Histoire des Jardins Ouvriers, 1896–1996: La Ligue Francaise du Coin de Terre et du Foyer. Créaphis, Paris
go back to reference Carroll-Spillecke M (1992) The gardens of greece from homeric to roman times. J Gard Hist 12(2):84–101CrossRef Carroll-Spillecke M (1992) The gardens of greece from homeric to roman times. J Gard Hist 12(2):84–101CrossRef
go back to reference Corbusier L (1967a) 3rd part: the new age. The radiant city; elements of a doctrine of urbanism to be used as the basis of our machine-age civilization. Orion Press, New York, pp 64–87 Corbusier L (1967a) 3rd part: the new age. The radiant city; elements of a doctrine of urbanism to be used as the basis of our machine-age civilization. Orion Press, New York, pp 64–87
go back to reference Corbusier L (1967b) 7th part: rural reorganization. The radiant city; elements of a doctrine of urbanism to be used as the basis of our machine-age civilization. Orion Press, New York, pp 320–338 Corbusier L (1967b) 7th part: rural reorganization. The radiant city; elements of a doctrine of urbanism to be used as the basis of our machine-age civilization. Orion Press, New York, pp 320–338
go back to reference Corbusier L (1971) The city of to-morrow and its planning. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, MA Corbusier L (1971) The city of to-morrow and its planning. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, MA
go back to reference Deluca KM (2005) Thinking with Heidegger: rethinking environmental theory and practice. Ethics Environ 10(1):67–87CrossRef Deluca KM (2005) Thinking with Heidegger: rethinking environmental theory and practice. Ethics Environ 10(1):67–87CrossRef
go back to reference Frampton K (2000) The status of man and the status of his objects: a reading of the human condition. In: Hays KM (ed) Architecture theory since 1968. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 358–377 Frampton K (2000) The status of man and the status of his objects: a reading of the human condition. In: Hays KM (ed) Architecture theory since 1968. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 358–377
go back to reference Giesecke A (2007) The epic city: urbanism, utopia, and the garden in ancient Greece and Rome. Center for Hellenic Studies, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington DC Giesecke A (2007) The epic city: urbanism, utopia, and the garden in ancient Greece and Rome. Center for Hellenic Studies, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington DC
go back to reference Haney DH (2015) “Three acres and a cow”: small scale agriculture as solution to urban impoverishment in Britain and Germany, 1880–1933. In: Imbert D (ed) Food and the city: histories of culture and cultivation. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp 17–53 Haney DH (2015) “Three acres and a cow”: small scale agriculture as solution to urban impoverishment in Britain and Germany, 1880–1933. In: Imbert D (ed) Food and the city: histories of culture and cultivation. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp 17–53
go back to reference Hansen MH (2006) Polis: an introduction to the ancient Greek city-state. Oxford University Press, Oxford Hansen MH (2006) Polis: an introduction to the ancient Greek city-state. Oxford University Press, Oxford
go back to reference Harvey D (2008) The right to the city. New Left Rev 53:23–40 Harvey D (2008) The right to the city. New Left Rev 53:23–40
go back to reference Heidegger M (2008a) Being and time. Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York Heidegger M (2008a) Being and time. Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York
go back to reference Heidegger M (2008b) Building dwelling thinking. Basic writings from being and time (1927) to the task of thinking (1964). Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, pp 343–363 Heidegger M (2008b) Building dwelling thinking. Basic writings from being and time (1927) to the task of thinking (1964). Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, pp 343–363
go back to reference Heidegger M (2008c) The origin of the work of art. Basic writings from being and time (1927) to the task of thinking (1964). Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, pp 139–212 Heidegger M (2008c) The origin of the work of art. Basic writings from being and time (1927) to the task of thinking (1964). Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, pp 139–212
go back to reference Heidegger M (2008d) The question concerning technology. Basic writings from being and time (1927) to the task of thinking (1964). Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, pp 307–341 Heidegger M (2008d) The question concerning technology. Basic writings from being and time (1927) to the task of thinking (1964). Harper Perennial Modern Thought, New York, pp 307–341
go back to reference Homer (2000) The odyssey (trans: Hammond M). Duckworth, London Homer (2000) The odyssey (trans: Hammond M). Duckworth, London
go back to reference Howard E (1902) Gardens cities of tomorrow. Swan Sonnenschein & Co, London Howard E (1902) Gardens cities of tomorrow. Swan Sonnenschein & Co, London
go back to reference Hyams E (1971) A history of gardens and gardening. Praeger Publishers, New York Hyams E (1971) A history of gardens and gardening. Praeger Publishers, New York
go back to reference Kearney R (1998) The wake of imagination: toward a postmodern culture. Routledge, London Kearney R (1998) The wake of imagination: toward a postmodern culture. Routledge, London
go back to reference Lefebvre H (2000) The right to the city. In: Kofman E (ed) Writings on cities. Blackwell, Oxford, Cambridge, MA, pp 147–159 Lefebvre H (2000) The right to the city. In: Kofman E (ed) Writings on cities. Blackwell, Oxford, Cambridge, MA, pp 147–159
go back to reference Lefebvre H (2003) The urban revolution (trans: Bononno, R). University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis Lefebvre H (2003) The urban revolution (trans: Bononno, R). University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
go back to reference Lascelles M (2011) The Union Street Urban Orchard: a case study of creative interim use. Architecture Foundation, London Lascelles M (2011) The Union Street Urban Orchard: a case study of creative interim use. Architecture Foundation, London
go back to reference McLeod M (2015) “The country is the other city of tomorrow”: Le Corbusier’s Ferme Radieuse and Village Radieux. In: Imbert D (ed) Food and the city: histories of culture and cultivation. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp 99–122 McLeod M (2015) “The country is the other city of tomorrow”: Le Corbusier’s Ferme Radieuse and Village Radieux. In: Imbert D (ed) Food and the city: histories of culture and cultivation. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC, pp 99–122
go back to reference Purcell N (1996) The roman garden as a domestic building. In: Barton Ian M (ed) Roman domestic buildings. University of Exeter Press, Exeter, pp 121–151 Purcell N (1996) The roman garden as a domestic building. In: Barton Ian M (ed) Roman domestic buildings. University of Exeter Press, Exeter, pp 121–151
go back to reference Ring H (2012) Union Street Urban Orchard. Lotus International 149:92–95 Ring H (2012) Union Street Urban Orchard. Lotus International 149:92–95
go back to reference Randhawa MS (1976) Gardens through the ages. Macmillan Co. of India, Delhi Randhawa MS (1976) Gardens through the ages. Macmillan Co. of India, Delhi
go back to reference Roth M (1996) The poetics of resistance: Heidegger’s line. Northwestern University, Evanston Roth M (1996) The poetics of resistance: Heidegger’s line. Northwestern University, Evanston
go back to reference Smith CB (1967) Builders in the sun: five Mexican architects. Architectural Book Pub. Co., New York Smith CB (1967) Builders in the sun: five Mexican architects. Architectural Book Pub. Co., New York
go back to reference Toadvine T (2007) Culture and cultivation: prolegomena to a philosophy of agriculture. In: Brown C, Toadvine T (eds) Nature’s edge: boundary explorations in ecological theory and practice. State University of New York Press, Albany, pp 207–222 Toadvine T (2007) Culture and cultivation: prolegomena to a philosophy of agriculture. In: Brown C, Toadvine T (eds) Nature’s edge: boundary explorations in ecological theory and practice. State University of New York Press, Albany, pp 207–222
go back to reference Virgil (1956) Virgil’s georgics (trans: Bovie SP). University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL Virgil (1956) Virgil’s georgics (trans: Bovie SP). University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL
go back to reference Willes M (2014) Digging for victory in peace and war. The gardens of the British working class. Yale University Press, New Haven, London, pp 264–288 Willes M (2014) Digging for victory in peace and war. The gardens of the British working class. Yale University Press, New Haven, London, pp 264–288
go back to reference Engels F (1987). The condition of the working class in England. London: Penguin books. (original publiation 1845) Engels F (1987). The condition of the working class in England. London: Penguin books. (original publiation 1845)
go back to reference Hortusurbis.it (2016) Hortus Urbis| E’ un progetto sullo spazio pubblico e la biodiversità di Zappata Romana e del Parco Regionale dell’Appia Antica che ha visto l’attivazione di un’area verde non utilizzata destinandola a orto didattico antico romano e a spazio pubblico [online]. Available at: http://www.hortusurbis.it/. Accessed 6 Feb 2016 Hortusurbis.it (2016) Hortus Urbis| E’ un progetto sullo spazio pubblico e la biodiversità di Zappata Romana e del Parco Regionale dell’Appia Antica che ha visto l’attivazione di un’area verde non utilizzata destinandola a orto didattico antico romano e a spazio pubblico [online]. Available at: http://​www.​hortusurbis.​it/​. Accessed 6 Feb 2016
Metadata
Title
Agripoetic Resistance in Urban Architecture and Planning in the European World
Authors
Bahar Aktuna
Carla Brisotto
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76267-8_13