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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

21. Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ)

Authors : Jan Pechstein, Ulf Neuling, Jan Gebauer, Martin Kaltschmitt

Published in: Biokerosene

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

The conversion routes for kerosene produced from biogenic alcohols are referred typically to as “Alcohol-to-Jet”-processes (AtJ). The required alcohols can be obtained via different bio-chemical and/or thermo-chemical routes from organic matter. Since both sugary and starchy biomass (with established technology) as well as lignocellulosic biomass and organic waste (with future technology) may be converted into a sugar or alcohol dilution, Alcohol-to-Jet-processes (AtJ) potentially access a broad feedstock base for future aviation biofuel supply1. Thus within this contribution firstly the various methods of alcohol production are described in detail. Then further processing of the alcohol to liquid hydrocarbon fuels is explained. Besides the “classical” bioethanol production which is globally established at industrial scale also “innovative” processes (e.g. bio-chemical production of butanol, thermo-chemical synthesis of methanol) are discussed. Thereafter, the status of the technical implementation of these various processes is presented. Finally, the main findings are summarized.

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previous chapter Biokerosene Production from Bio-Chemical and Thermo-Chemical Biomass Conversion and Subsequent Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
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Footnotes
1
This is basically possible for all types of alcohols.
 
2
Yet, also proteins and fats may be fermented to biomethane.
 
3
Biogas is a mixture of biomethane and CO2.
 
4
For coal-based technology waste heat recovery was not included. Thus, efficiency could potentially be increased.
 
5
Ethanol can be synthesized from ethene and water when adding sulfuric acid. So far, this conversion route is of little importance only and therefore not discussed in detail here.
 
6
These three components are the main groups of macromolecules solid organic material consists of.
 
7
In fixed-bed reactors, progressive catalyst coking lead to a changing product distribution [18].
 
8
Still the use of ethene is possible [40].
 
9
Technical details about the process are not available. However, also for methanol-based processes oligomerization and aromatization occur concurrently.
 
10
According to ASTM D1655 conventional hydrocarbons – and thus also conventional kerosene – are derived from as crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil and oil sands.
 
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Metadata
Title
Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ)
Authors
Jan Pechstein
Ulf Neuling
Jan Gebauer
Martin Kaltschmitt
Copyright Year
2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Book
Biokerosene

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53063-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-53065-8

Copyright Year: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53065-8_21