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Algal and bacterial carbonate sediments

  • 2003
  • OriginalPaper
  • Chapter
Published in:
Author
Robert Riding
Published in
Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
Publisher
Springer Netherlands

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Excerpt

Only a few algae and bacteria calcify (Figure A1), but their abundance and wide distribution make them important in limestones of many ages and environments (Figure A2). Microbial carbonates appeared in the Archaean and are significant in Proterozoic carbonate platforms. Calcified cyanobacteria became important in the Cambrian, and calcified green and red algae in the Ordovician. Additional extinct organisms have been regarded as calcified algae or bacteria, but are still of uncertain affinity. These problems of affinity hamper paleocological and phylogenetic interpretations.
Figure A1
Principal groups of calcified benthic algae and cyanobacteria.
Calcified red algae include corallines that are marine, calcitic, occur at all latitudes, and are important reef builders. In contrast, calcified marine green dasycladaleans and halimedaceans are aragonitic and mainly tropical. They mainly produce particulate sediment, although Halimeda creates reefs with its disarticulated segments. Charophyte green algae also produce bioclastic sediment, but are essentially freshwater, calcitic, and prefer temperate climates. Gymnocodiaceans and phylloids are certainly algae, but lack the distinctive features necessary to either subdivide or classify them. Solenoporaceans are a heterogeneous grouping.
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next chapter Allophane and imogolite
Title
Algal and bacterial carbonate sediments
Author
Robert Riding
Copyright Year
2003
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-0872-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4020-3609-5

Copyright Year: 2003

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3609-5_1
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