1. Ambient Intelligence (AmI)

This chapter begins by defining ambient intelligence (AmI). The chronology of the emergence of the most widely used AmI technologies is then provided. Through reviewing some cases in the literature, AmI applications prevalent in various fields are mentioned, such as emotionally pleasing design, telemedicine and telecare, context-aware recommendation, home care and assisted living, smart home, smart tourism, and smart factory. The issues and challenges that need to be addressed by existing AmI applications are then discussed. To solve these problems and challenges, the most popular artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are highlighted. However, some AI technologies are very complex, limiting the interpretability and credibility of related AmI applications. To address this problem, the combination of AmI and XAI results in XAmI, and a review of some existing XAmI applications is performed. Based on the review findings, the application of XAmI techniques and tools is expected to mitigate the social impacts of AI applications in AmI on fairness and bias, security, verifiability, and accountability.