21. An Optimal Control Scheme for Thermal-Hydro System with Distributive Energy Sources

Wind, solar, fuel cell, small hydro, etc., are emerging technologies for renewable energy and can be built in the future as feasible electricity generation options. This paper introduces the load frequency control (LFC) in the presence of renewable energy resources. The study considers Wind turbine generator (WTG), Solar thermal power system (STPS), Photovoltaic (PV), Diesel source (DEPS), Fuel cell (FC), Battery storage system (BESS), Flywheel (FWES), Ultra capacitor (UC) and Aqua electrolyzer (AE), for sudden load/generation shifts, or both, the power system frequency deviates. The addition of a renewable system also results in a difficult task for an efficient controller design to be realized. With random load variance, the complexity to design an efficient and optimal control scheme is further enhanced. In this study, as an LFC control scheme, a PID controller is used. Two evolutionary approaches named as Big Bang Big Crunch (BBBC) and Harmony Search (HS) have been used to obtain optimal parameters. The performance of the control scheme has been checked two area and three area thermal-hydro system in the presence of other generation and energy storage sources. A comparative assessment of various quantities has been carried out on the basis of different time-domain parameters.