Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences 15/2016

01-08-2016 | Thematic Issue

Analysis of compressed air storage caverns in rock salt considering thermo-mechanical cyclic loading

Authors: Kavan Khaledi, Elham Mahmoudi, Maria Datcheva, Tom Schanz

Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences | Issue 15/2016

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Exploring the material response of rock salt subjected to the variable thermo-mechanical loading is essential for engineering design of compressed air energy storage (CAES) caverns. Accurate design of salt caverns requires adequate numerical simulations which take into account the most important processes affecting the development of stresses and strains. To fulfill this objective, this paper presents a two-step simulation to analyze the thermo-mechanical behavior of rock salt in the vicinity of CAES caverns. In the first step, the changes in air temperature and pressure resulted from injection and withdrawal processes are estimated using an analytical thermodynamic model. Then, in the second step, the temperature and pressure variations obtained from the analytical model are utilized as the boundary condition for a finite element model of CAES cavern. An elasto-viscoplastic creep model is employed to describe the material behavior of rock salt. In the numerical section, a computational model to simulate the thermo-mechanical behavior of rock salt around the cavern is presented. Finally, the stability and long-term serviceability of the simulated cavern are evaluated considering two extreme loading scenarios: (1) low-pressure working condition and (2) high-temperature operation. Obtained results show that both stability and serviceability of the cavern are highly affected by the internal operating pressure. Dilatancy, damage propagation, tensile failure and increasing the rate of cavern closure are the unfavorable consequences of low-pressure working condition. Similarly, the increased creep rate due to the elevated temperature accelerates the volume convergence and subsequently endangers the serviceability of the system.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Alkan H, Cin Y, Pusch G (2007) Rock salt dilatancy boundary from combined acoustic emission and triaxial compression tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:108–119CrossRef Alkan H, Cin Y, Pusch G (2007) Rock salt dilatancy boundary from combined acoustic emission and triaxial compression tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:108–119CrossRef
go back to reference Aubertin M, Gill D, Ladanyi B (1991) An internal variable model for the creep of rocksalt. Rock Mech Rock Eng 24(2):81–97CrossRef Aubertin M, Gill D, Ladanyi B (1991) An internal variable model for the creep of rocksalt. Rock Mech Rock Eng 24(2):81–97CrossRef
go back to reference Bauer S, Beyer C, Dethlefsen F, Dietrich P, Duttmann R, Ebert M, Feeser V, Görke U, Köber R, Kolditz O, Rabbel W, Schanz T, Schäfer D, Würdemann H, Dahmke A (2013) Impacts of the use of the geological subsurface for energy storage: an investigation concept. Environ Earth Sci 70(8):3935–3943CrossRef Bauer S, Beyer C, Dethlefsen F, Dietrich P, Duttmann R, Ebert M, Feeser V, Görke U, Köber R, Kolditz O, Rabbel W, Schanz T, Schäfer D, Würdemann H, Dahmke A (2013) Impacts of the use of the geological subsurface for energy storage: an investigation concept. Environ Earth Sci 70(8):3935–3943CrossRef
go back to reference Bérest P, Brouard B, Jafari MK, Sambeek LV (2007) Transient behavior of salt caverns-interpretation of mechanical integrity tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:767–786CrossRef Bérest P, Brouard B, Jafari MK, Sambeek LV (2007) Transient behavior of salt caverns-interpretation of mechanical integrity tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:767–786CrossRef
go back to reference Bérest P, Brouard B, Jafari MK, Sambeek LV (2011) Thermomechanical aspects of high frequency cyclic in salt storage caverns. In: International gas union research conference, Seoul, Korea, 19–21 Oct Bérest P, Brouard B, Jafari MK, Sambeek LV (2011) Thermomechanical aspects of high frequency cyclic in salt storage caverns. In: International gas union research conference, Seoul, Korea, 19–21 Oct
go back to reference Bérest P, Djizanne H, Brouard B, Hévin G (2012) Rapid depressurization: Can they lead to irreversible damage? In: SMRI conference, Regina, Canada, 23–24 April Bérest P, Djizanne H, Brouard B, Hévin G (2012) Rapid depressurization: Can they lead to irreversible damage? In: SMRI conference, Regina, Canada, 23–24 April
go back to reference Bérest P, Brouard B, Djakeun-Djizanne H, Hévin G (2013) Thermomechanical effects of a rapid depressurization in a gas cavern. Acta Geotech 9(1):181–186CrossRef Bérest P, Brouard B, Djakeun-Djizanne H, Hévin G (2013) Thermomechanical effects of a rapid depressurization in a gas cavern. Acta Geotech 9(1):181–186CrossRef
go back to reference Brouard B, Frangi A, Bérest P (2011) Mechanical stability of a cavern submitted to high-frequency cycles. In: SMRI conference, Texas, USA, 18–19 April Brouard B, Frangi A, Bérest P (2011) Mechanical stability of a cavern submitted to high-frequency cycles. In: SMRI conference, Texas, USA, 18–19 April
go back to reference Brouard B, Bérest P, de Greef V, Béraud J, Lheur C, Hertz E (2013) Creep closure rate of a shallow salt cavern at Gellenoncourt, France. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 62:42–50 Brouard B, Bérest P, de Greef V, Béraud J, Lheur C, Hertz E (2013) Creep closure rate of a shallow salt cavern at Gellenoncourt, France. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 62:42–50
go back to reference Carter NL, Hansen FD (1983) Creep of rocksalt. Tectonophysics 92(4):275–333CrossRef Carter NL, Hansen FD (1983) Creep of rocksalt. Tectonophysics 92(4):275–333CrossRef
go back to reference Code–Bright user’s guide (2010) Department of the Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences of the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) Code–Bright user’s guide (2010) Department of the Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences of the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC)
go back to reference Cortogino F, Mohmeyer KU, Scharf R (2001) Huntorf CAES: more than 20 years of successful operation. In: SMRI spring meeting, Orlando, 23–24 April, pp 351–357 Cortogino F, Mohmeyer KU, Scharf R (2001) Huntorf CAES: more than 20 years of successful operation. In: SMRI spring meeting, Orlando, 23–24 April, pp 351–357
go back to reference Cosenza P, Ghoreychi M (1999) Effects of very low permeability on the long-term evolution of a storage cavern in rock salt. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36(4):527–533 Cosenza P, Ghoreychi M (1999) Effects of very low permeability on the long-term evolution of a storage cavern in rock salt. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36(4):527–533
go back to reference Cristescu N (1987) Elastic viscoplastic constitutive equations for rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech 24(5):271–281CrossRef Cristescu N (1987) Elastic viscoplastic constitutive equations for rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech 24(5):271–281CrossRef
go back to reference Cristescu N (1993) A general constitutive equation for transient and stationary creep of rock salt. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech 30(2):125–139CrossRef Cristescu N (1993) A general constitutive equation for transient and stationary creep of rock salt. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech 30(2):125–139CrossRef
go back to reference Cristescu N, Hunsche U (1998) Time effects in rock mechanics. Wiley, Chichester Cristescu N, Hunsche U (1998) Time effects in rock mechanics. Wiley, Chichester
go back to reference Deng J, Yang Q, Liu Y (2014) Time-dependent behaviour and stability evaluation of gas storage caverns in salt rock based on deformation reinforcement theory. Tunn Undergr Sp Technol 42:277–292CrossRef Deng J, Yang Q, Liu Y (2014) Time-dependent behaviour and stability evaluation of gas storage caverns in salt rock based on deformation reinforcement theory. Tunn Undergr Sp Technol 42:277–292CrossRef
go back to reference Desai C, Varadarajan A (1987) A constitutive model for quasi-static behavior of rock salt. J Geophys Res 92:445–456CrossRef Desai C, Varadarajan A (1987) A constitutive model for quasi-static behavior of rock salt. J Geophys Res 92:445–456CrossRef
go back to reference Desai C, Zhang D (1987) Viscoplastic model for geologic material with generalized flow rule. Int J Numer Anal Methods 11:603–627CrossRef Desai C, Zhang D (1987) Viscoplastic model for geologic material with generalized flow rule. Int J Numer Anal Methods 11:603–627CrossRef
go back to reference Fuenkajorn K, Serata S (1993) Numerical simulation of strain-softening and dilation of rock salt. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 30(7):1303–1306CrossRef Fuenkajorn K, Serata S (1993) Numerical simulation of strain-softening and dilation of rock salt. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 30(7):1303–1306CrossRef
go back to reference Günther R, Salzer K (2007) A model for rock salt, describing transient, stationary, and accelerated creep and dilatancy. In: 6th conference on the mechanical behavior of salt—SALTMECH6, Hannover, Germany, 22–25 May Günther R, Salzer K (2007) A model for rock salt, describing transient, stationary, and accelerated creep and dilatancy. In: 6th conference on the mechanical behavior of salt—SALTMECH6, Hannover, Germany, 22–25 May
go back to reference Hampel A, Schulze O (2007) The composite dilatancy model: a constitutive model for the mechanical behavior of rock salt. In: 6th conference on the mechanical behavior of salt—SALTMECH6, Hannover, Germany, 22–25 May Hampel A, Schulze O (2007) The composite dilatancy model: a constitutive model for the mechanical behavior of rock salt. In: 6th conference on the mechanical behavior of salt—SALTMECH6, Hannover, Germany, 22–25 May
go back to reference Heusermann S, Rolfs O, Schmidt U (2003) Nonlinear finite element analysis of solution mined storage caverns in rock salt using the LUBBY2 constitutive model. Comput Struct 81:629–638CrossRef Heusermann S, Rolfs O, Schmidt U (2003) Nonlinear finite element analysis of solution mined storage caverns in rock salt using the LUBBY2 constitutive model. Comput Struct 81:629–638CrossRef
go back to reference Hou Z (2003) Mechanical and hydraulic behavior of rock salt in the excavation disturbed zone around underground facilities. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 40:725–738CrossRef Hou Z (2003) Mechanical and hydraulic behavior of rock salt in the excavation disturbed zone around underground facilities. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 40:725–738CrossRef
go back to reference Hunsche U, Hampel A (1999) Rock salt—the mechanical properties of the host rock material for radio active waste repository. Eng Geol 52:271–291CrossRef Hunsche U, Hampel A (1999) Rock salt—the mechanical properties of the host rock material for radio active waste repository. Eng Geol 52:271–291CrossRef
go back to reference Jafari MK, Brouard B, Bérest P (2011) Multi-cycle gas storage in salt caverns. In: SMRI conference, York, UK, 3–4 Oct Jafari MK, Brouard B, Bérest P (2011) Multi-cycle gas storage in salt caverns. In: SMRI conference, York, UK, 3–4 Oct
go back to reference Khaledi K, Mahmoudi E, Datcheva M, König D, Schanz T (2016a) Sensitivity analysis and parameter identification of a time dependent constitutive model for rock salt. J Comput Appl Math 293:128–138CrossRef Khaledi K, Mahmoudi E, Datcheva M, König D, Schanz T (2016a) Sensitivity analysis and parameter identification of a time dependent constitutive model for rock salt. J Comput Appl Math 293:128–138CrossRef
go back to reference Khaledi K, Mahmoudi E, Datcheva M, Schanz T (2016b) Stability and serviceability of underground energy storage caverns in rock salt subjected to mechanical cyclic loading. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 86:115–131 Khaledi K, Mahmoudi E, Datcheva M, Schanz T (2016b) Stability and serviceability of underground energy storage caverns in rock salt subjected to mechanical cyclic loading. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 86:115–131
go back to reference Kim HM, Rutqvist J, Ryu DW, Choi BH, Sunwoo C, Song WK (2012) Exploring the concept of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns at shallow depth: A modeling study of air tightness and energy balance. Appl Energy 92:653–667CrossRef Kim HM, Rutqvist J, Ryu DW, Choi BH, Sunwoo C, Song WK (2012) Exploring the concept of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns at shallow depth: A modeling study of air tightness and energy balance. Appl Energy 92:653–667CrossRef
go back to reference Kushnir R, Dayan A, Ullmann A (2012) Temperature and pressure variations within compressed air energy storage caverns. Int J Heat Mass Transf 55(21–22):5616–5630CrossRef Kushnir R, Dayan A, Ullmann A (2012) Temperature and pressure variations within compressed air energy storage caverns. Int J Heat Mass Transf 55(21–22):5616–5630CrossRef
go back to reference Martín LB, Rutqvist J, Birkholzer JT (2015) Long-term modeling of the thermalhydraulicmechanical response of a generic salt repository for heat-generating nuclear waste. Eng Geol 193:198–211CrossRef Martín LB, Rutqvist J, Birkholzer JT (2015) Long-term modeling of the thermalhydraulicmechanical response of a generic salt repository for heat-generating nuclear waste. Eng Geol 193:198–211CrossRef
go back to reference Maton JP, Zhao L, Brouwer J (2013) Dynamic modeling of compressed gas energy storage to complement renewable wind power intermittency. Int J Hydrogen Energy 38(19):7867–7880CrossRef Maton JP, Zhao L, Brouwer J (2013) Dynamic modeling of compressed gas energy storage to complement renewable wind power intermittency. Int J Hydrogen Energy 38(19):7867–7880CrossRef
go back to reference Minkley M, Muehlbauer J (2007) Constitutive models to describe the mechanical behavior of salt rocks and the imbedded weakness planes. In: 6th conference on the mechanical behavior of salt—SALTMECH6, Hannover, Germany, 22–25 May Minkley M, Muehlbauer J (2007) Constitutive models to describe the mechanical behavior of salt rocks and the imbedded weakness planes. In: 6th conference on the mechanical behavior of salt—SALTMECH6, Hannover, Germany, 22–25 May
go back to reference Nazary S, Mirzabozorg H, Noorzad H (2013) Modeling time-dependent behavior of gas caverns in rock salt considering creep, dilatancy and failure. Tunn Undergr Sp Technol 33:171–185CrossRef Nazary S, Mirzabozorg H, Noorzad H (2013) Modeling time-dependent behavior of gas caverns in rock salt considering creep, dilatancy and failure. Tunn Undergr Sp Technol 33:171–185CrossRef
go back to reference Olivella S, Gens A (2002) A constitutive model for crushed salt. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 26:719–746CrossRef Olivella S, Gens A (2002) A constitutive model for crushed salt. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 26:719–746CrossRef
go back to reference Olivella S, Gens A, Carrera J, Alonso E (1996) Numerical formulation for a simulator (CODE_BRIGHT) for the coupled analysis of saline media. Eng Comput 13:87–112CrossRef Olivella S, Gens A, Carrera J, Alonso E (1996) Numerical formulation for a simulator (CODE_BRIGHT) for the coupled analysis of saline media. Eng Comput 13:87–112CrossRef
go back to reference Perzyna P (1966) Fundamental problems in viscoplasticity. Rec Adv Appl Mech 9:243–377CrossRef Perzyna P (1966) Fundamental problems in viscoplasticity. Rec Adv Appl Mech 9:243–377CrossRef
go back to reference Pudewills A, Droste J (2003) Numerical modeling of the thermomechanical behavior of a large-scale underground experiment. Comput Struct 81(8–11):911–918CrossRef Pudewills A, Droste J (2003) Numerical modeling of the thermomechanical behavior of a large-scale underground experiment. Comput Struct 81(8–11):911–918CrossRef
go back to reference Raju M, Khaitan SK (2012) Modeling and simulation of compressed air storage in caverns: a case study of the Huntorf plant. Appl Energy 89(1):474–481CrossRef Raju M, Khaitan SK (2012) Modeling and simulation of compressed air storage in caverns: a case study of the Huntorf plant. Appl Energy 89(1):474–481CrossRef
go back to reference Rutqvist J, Kim HM, Ryu DW, Synn JH, Song WK (2012) Modeling of coupled thermodynamic and geomechanical performance of underground compressed air energy storage in lined rock caverns. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 52:71–81CrossRef Rutqvist J, Kim HM, Ryu DW, Synn JH, Song WK (2012) Modeling of coupled thermodynamic and geomechanical performance of underground compressed air energy storage in lined rock caverns. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 52:71–81CrossRef
go back to reference Schulze O, Popp T, Kern H (2001) Development of damage and permeability in deforming rock salt. Eng Geol 61:163–180CrossRef Schulze O, Popp T, Kern H (2001) Development of damage and permeability in deforming rock salt. Eng Geol 61:163–180CrossRef
go back to reference Serbin K, Ślizowski J, Urbańczyk K, Nagy S (2015) The influence of thermodynamic effects on gas storage cavern convergence. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 79:166–171 Serbin K, Ślizowski J, Urbańczyk K, Nagy S (2015) The influence of thermodynamic effects on gas storage cavern convergence. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 79:166–171
go back to reference Tryller H, Musso L (2006) Controlled cavern leaching in bedded salt without blanket in Timpa del Salto. In: SMRI spring meeting, Brussels, Belgium, 30 April–3 May Tryller H, Musso L (2006) Controlled cavern leaching in bedded salt without blanket in Timpa del Salto. In: SMRI spring meeting, Brussels, Belgium, 30 April–3 May
go back to reference Wang T, Yan X, Yang H, Yang X, Jiang T, Zhao S (2013) A new shape design method of salt cavern used as underground gas storage. Appl Energy 104:50–61CrossRef Wang T, Yan X, Yang H, Yang X, Jiang T, Zhao S (2013) A new shape design method of salt cavern used as underground gas storage. Appl Energy 104:50–61CrossRef
go back to reference Wang T, Ma H, Yang C, Shi X, Daemen J (2015) Gas seepage around bedded salt cavern gas storage. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 26:61–71CrossRef Wang T, Ma H, Yang C, Shi X, Daemen J (2015) Gas seepage around bedded salt cavern gas storage. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 26:61–71CrossRef
go back to reference Waversik WR, Hanuum DW (1980) Mechanical behavior of New Mexico rock salt in triaxial compression up to 200 °C. J Geophys Res 85(B2):891–900CrossRef Waversik WR, Hanuum DW (1980) Mechanical behavior of New Mexico rock salt in triaxial compression up to 200 °C. J Geophys Res 85(B2):891–900CrossRef
go back to reference Weidinger P, Blum Hampel W A, Hunsche U (1997) Creep behavior of natural rock salt and its description with the composite model. Mater Sci Eng A 234–236:646–648CrossRef Weidinger P, Blum Hampel W A, Hunsche U (1997) Creep behavior of natural rock salt and its description with the composite model. Mater Sci Eng A 234–236:646–648CrossRef
go back to reference Xia C, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Zhang P, Wang F (2015) A simplified and unified analytical solution for temperature and pressure variations in compressed air energy storage caverns. Renew Energy 74:718–726CrossRef Xia C, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Zhang P, Wang F (2015) A simplified and unified analytical solution for temperature and pressure variations in compressed air energy storage caverns. Renew Energy 74:718–726CrossRef
go back to reference Xiong J, Huang X, Ma H (2015) Gas leakage mechanism in bedded salt rock storage cavern considering damaged interface. Petroleum 1(4):366–372CrossRef Xiong J, Huang X, Ma H (2015) Gas leakage mechanism in bedded salt rock storage cavern considering damaged interface. Petroleum 1(4):366–372CrossRef
go back to reference Yang C, Wang T, Li Y, Yang H, Li J, Qu D, Xu B, Yang Y, Daemen J (2015) Feasibility analysis of using abandoned salt caverns for large-scale underground energy storage in China. Appl Energy 137:467–481CrossRef Yang C, Wang T, Li Y, Yang H, Li J, Qu D, Xu B, Yang Y, Daemen J (2015) Feasibility analysis of using abandoned salt caverns for large-scale underground energy storage in China. Appl Energy 137:467–481CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Analysis of compressed air storage caverns in rock salt considering thermo-mechanical cyclic loading
Authors
Kavan Khaledi
Elham Mahmoudi
Maria Datcheva
Tom Schanz
Publication date
01-08-2016
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Environmental Earth Sciences / Issue 15/2016
Print ISSN: 1866-6280
Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5970-1

Other articles of this Issue 15/2016

Environmental Earth Sciences 15/2016 Go to the issue