Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Mobile Networks and Applications 3/2021

23-05-2021

Analyzing Energy Leaks of Android Applications Using Event-B

Author: Hong Anh Le

Published in: Mobile Networks and Applications | Issue 3/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The number of mobile applications downloaded recently from Google stores increase steadily. It is believed that mobile applications market revenues will grow fast and receive more attention from software developers. Even though, hardware technologies and operating systems have made a big contribution to improve the battery capacity, power consumption is one of the most important and crucial non-functional properties of mobile applications. Many approaches have been dedicated for analyzing and optimizing the power consumption at different levels. This paper proposes a method for analyzing energy leaks of Android application at the design phase. First, it introduces a formalization of an event-based power consumption model. After that, the paper presents a method to translate this model to Event-B notations. Based on the target model, it is able to check if the application leads to energy leaks or violates the power consumption constraints based on formal proofs. Finally, the motivating examples are shown for the illustration purpose.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Show more products
Literature
2.
go back to reference Abrial J-R (1996) The B-book: Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, New YorkCrossRef Abrial J-R (1996) The B-book: Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, New YorkCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Abrial J-R (2010) Modeling in Event-B: System and Software Engineering, 1st edition. Cambridge University Press, New YorkCrossRef Abrial J-R (2010) Modeling in Event-B: System and Software Engineering, 1st edition. Cambridge University Press, New YorkCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Abrial J-R, Butler M, Hallerstede S, Voisin L (2006) An open extensible tool environment for event-b. In: Liu Z, He J (eds) Formal Methods and Software Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 588–605 Abrial J-R, Butler M, Hallerstede S, Voisin L (2006) An open extensible tool environment for event-b. In: Liu Z, He J (eds) Formal Methods and Software Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 588–605
5.
go back to reference Abrial J-R, Su W, Zhu H (2012) Formalizing hybrid systems event-B. In: Proc ABZ 2012, volume 7316 of LNCS, pp 178–193 Abrial J-R, Su W, Zhu H (2012) Formalizing hybrid systems event-B. In: Proc ABZ 2012, volume 7316 of LNCS, pp 178–193
6.
go back to reference Carroll A, Heiser G, et al. (2010) An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone. In: USENIX annual technical conference, vol 14, pp 21–21. Boston, MA Carroll A, Heiser G, et al. (2010) An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone. In: USENIX annual technical conference, vol 14, pp 21–21. Boston, MA
7.
go back to reference Couto M, Carcao T, Cunha J, Fernandes JP, Saraiva J (2014) Detecting anomalous energy consumption in android applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 8771 LNCS Couto M, Carcao T, Cunha J, Fernandes JP, Saraiva J (2014) Detecting anomalous energy consumption in android applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 8771 LNCS
8.
go back to reference Datta SK, Bonnet C, Nikaein N (2012) Android power management: Current and future trends. In: Enabling Technologies for Smartphone and Internet of Things (ETSIoT), 2012 First IEEE Workshop on, pp 48–53. IEEE Datta SK, Bonnet C, Nikaein N (2012) Android power management: Current and future trends. In: Enabling Technologies for Smartphone and Internet of Things (ETSIoT), 2012 First IEEE Workshop on, pp 48–53. IEEE
9.
go back to reference Kim D-H, Kim J-P, Hong J-E (2011) A power consumption analysis technique using uml-based design models in embedded software development. In: Proceedings of the 37th International conference on current trends in theory and practice of computer science, SOFSEM’11, pp 320–331, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag Kim D-H, Kim J-P, Hong J-E (2011) A power consumption analysis technique using uml-based design models in embedded software development. In: Proceedings of the 37th International conference on current trends in theory and practice of computer science, SOFSEM’11, pp 320–331, Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag
10.
go back to reference Kim KH, Min AW, Gupta D, Mohapatra P, Singh JP (2011) Improving energy efficiency of wi-fi sensing on smartphones. In: 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, pp 2930–2938 Kim KH, Min AW, Gupta D, Mohapatra P, Singh JP (2011) Improving energy efficiency of wi-fi sensing on smartphones. In: 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, pp 2930–2938
11.
go back to reference Le HA, Bui AT, Truong N-T (2019) An approach to modeling and estimating power consumption of mobile applications. Mob Netw Appl 24(1):124–133CrossRef Le HA, Bui AT, Truong N-T (2019) An approach to modeling and estimating power consumption of mobile applications. Mob Netw Appl 24(1):124–133CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Li D, Hao S, Halfond WGJ, Govindan R (2013) Calculating source line level energy information for Android applications. In: Proceedings of the 2013 international symposium on software testing and analysis - ISSTA 2013, pp 78 Li D, Hao S, Halfond WGJ, Govindan R (2013) Calculating source line level energy information for Android applications. In: Proceedings of the 2013 international symposium on software testing and analysis - ISSTA 2013, pp 78
13.
go back to reference Liu Y, Wang J, Xu C, Ma X (2017) Navydroid: Detecting energy inefficiency problems for smartphone applications. In: Proceedings of the 9th asia-pacific symposium on internetware, internetware’17, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery Liu Y, Wang J, Xu C, Ma X (2017) Navydroid: Detecting energy inefficiency problems for smartphone applications. In: Proceedings of the 9th asia-pacific symposium on internetware, internetware’17, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery
14.
go back to reference Liu Y, Xu C, Cheung S-C, Terragni V (2016) Understanding and detecting wake lock misuses for android applications. FSE 2016, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery Liu Y, Xu C, Cheung S-C, Terragni V (2016) Understanding and detecting wake lock misuses for android applications. FSE 2016, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery
15.
go back to reference Nakajima S (2013) Model-based power consumption analysis of smartphone applications. In: Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on model based architecting and construction of embedded systems co-located with ACM/IEEE 16th international conference on model driven engineering languages and systems (MoDELS 2013), Miami, Florida, USA, September 29th, 2013. Nakajima S (2013) Model-based power consumption analysis of smartphone applications. In: Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on model based architecting and construction of embedded systems co-located with ACM/IEEE 16th international conference on model driven engineering languages and systems (MoDELS 2013), Miami, Florida, USA, September 29th, 2013.
16.
go back to reference Nakajima S, Ueda Y (2013) Power consumption analysis of smartphone applications using uppaal. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on cyber-physical systems, networks and applications, Taiwan, August 19-20, 2013 Nakajima S, Ueda Y (2013) Power consumption analysis of smartphone applications using uppaal. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on cyber-physical systems, networks and applications, Taiwan, August 19-20, 2013
17.
go back to reference Pathak A, Hu YC, Zhang M (2011) Bootstrapping energy debugging on smartphones: A first look at energy bugs in mobile devices. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM workshop on hot topics in networks, HotNets-X, pp 5:1–5:6, New York, NY, USA. ACM Pathak A, Hu YC, Zhang M (2011) Bootstrapping energy debugging on smartphones: A first look at energy bugs in mobile devices. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM workshop on hot topics in networks, HotNets-X, pp 5:1–5:6, New York, NY, USA. ACM
18.
go back to reference Pathak A, Hu YC, Zhang M (2012) Where is the energy spent inside my app?: Fine grained energy accounting on smartphones with eprof. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM european conference on computer systems, EuroSys ’12, pp 29–42, New York, NY, USA. ACM Pathak A, Hu YC, Zhang M (2012) Where is the energy spent inside my app?: Fine grained energy accounting on smartphones with eprof. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM european conference on computer systems, EuroSys ’12, pp 29–42, New York, NY, USA. ACM
19.
go back to reference Pathak A, Jindal A, Hu YC, Midkiff SP (2012) What is keeping my phone awake? characterizing and detecting no-sleep energy bugs in smartphone apps. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on mobile systems, applications, and services, MobiSys ’12, pp 267–280, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery Pathak A, Jindal A, Hu YC, Midkiff SP (2012) What is keeping my phone awake? characterizing and detecting no-sleep energy bugs in smartphone apps. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on mobile systems, applications, and services, MobiSys ’12, pp 267–280, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery
20.
go back to reference Patil PS, Doshi J, Ambawade D (2015) Reducing power consumption of smart device by proper management of wakelocks. In: 2015 IEEE international advance computing conference (IACC), pp 883–887 Patil PS, Doshi J, Ambawade D (2015) Reducing power consumption of smart device by proper management of wakelocks. In: 2015 IEEE international advance computing conference (IACC), pp 883–887
21.
go back to reference Vekris P, Jhala R, Lerner S, Agarwal Y (2012) Towards verifying android apps for the absence of no-sleep energy bugs. In: Proceedings of the 2012 USENIX conference on power-aware computing and systems, HotPower’12, pp 3–3, Berkeley, CA, USA. USENIX Association Vekris P, Jhala R, Lerner S, Agarwal Y (2012) Towards verifying android apps for the absence of no-sleep energy bugs. In: Proceedings of the 2012 USENIX conference on power-aware computing and systems, HotPower’12, pp 3–3, Berkeley, CA, USA. USENIX Association
22.
go back to reference Yoshimoto R, Kadono T, Hisazumi K, Fukuda A (2016) A software energy analysis method using executableuml. In: 2016 IEEE Region 10 conference (TENCON), pp 218–221 Yoshimoto R, Kadono T, Hisazumi K, Fukuda A (2016) A software energy analysis method using executableuml. In: 2016 IEEE Region 10 conference (TENCON), pp 218–221
23.
go back to reference Zhang L, Tiwana B, Dick RP, Qian Z, Mao ZM, Wang Z, Yang L (2010) Accurate online power estimation and automatic battery behavior based power model generation for smartphones. In: 2010 IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on hardware/software codesign and system synthesis (CODES+ISSS), pp 105–114 Zhang L, Tiwana B, Dick RP, Qian Z, Mao ZM, Wang Z, Yang L (2010) Accurate online power estimation and automatic battery behavior based power model generation for smartphones. In: 2010 IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on hardware/software codesign and system synthesis (CODES+ISSS), pp 105–114
Metadata
Title
Analyzing Energy Leaks of Android Applications Using Event-B
Author
Hong Anh Le
Publication date
23-05-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Mobile Networks and Applications / Issue 3/2021
Print ISSN: 1383-469X
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-021-01764-y

Other articles of this Issue 3/2021

Mobile Networks and Applications 3/2021 Go to the issue