Applications of DNA Banks in Plant Genetic Resource Conservation

The conservation of plant genetic resources (PGRs) has been recognized as an essential strategy to sustainable agriculture and enhance biodiversity. Notably, the application of DNA banks to support conservation is a new area in PGR conservation that is evolving but is proven to be extremely useful and practical. In the unlikely scenario that seed storage or in vitro methods are ineffective, DNA banking has been claimed to represent genetic control, which includes rebreeding. It preserves the actual gene pool for several years. This approach has a greater implication in conserving recalcitrant-seeded species that cannot be preserved using conventional methods, enhancing genetic resources conserved in particular. By the use of molecular techniques like DNA barcoding and genotyping, the effectiveness of DNA banks is enhanced to facilitate proper identification and determination of genetic diversity within and between species. Currently, new advances in science and technology will make it easier for us to recognize what is most important to the improvement of crops, there being many more challenges fomented by climate change and ever-increasing importance of ensuring a food supply. Furthermore, global approaches supporting the preservation of crop wild relatives and underused species in normal conservation plans, usually forgotten, could be enhanced by DNA banks. In brief, the strategic utilization of DNA banks is an innovative strategy to promote genetic resource conservation in order to ensure that future generations can rely on the genetic diversity which is vital to sustainable agriculture.