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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. Architectural Professionalization in Turkey, Professionalism and Its Posts

Author : Bilge İmamoğlu

Published in: Neo-liberalism and the Architecture of the Post Professional Era

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The chapter discusses professionalization and development of a professional ideology in architecture by means of focusing on a historic narrative in which the process was not reflecting the sociological definition of the process (which is also discussed at length); the twentieth century developments of architectural profession in Turkey. Through this example, the chapter aims to discuss how certain ideological identifications regarding the architectural profession is still being reproduced in architectural historiography and architectural education, as well as the current architectural practice. The chapter additionally proposes to discuss possible new perspectives on how the architectural praxis is understood by utilizing the critique of professional ideologies and their reproduction within the field.

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previous chapter The Trouble with Architecture

next chapter De-modernization of the Architectural and Engineering Profession in Serbian Society at the End of the Twentieth Century

Interestingly, more or less the same is also relevant for the Arabic word “meslek”, that we also use in Turkish. Its root is “süluk”, entering a route, an occupation or a religious sact; an attitude, behaviour.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=profession&allowed_in_frame=0.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=professionalism&searchmode=none.

For a wider overview, see: MacDonald (1995).

Eliot Freidson is considered to be among the founders of the field with his study on medicine. See: Freidson (1970).

See: Sarfatti-Larson (1977); Sarfatti-Larson (1983).

Sarfatti-Larson (1983, p. 61).

See, for instance: Goldstein (1984).

Stevens (1998).

Burns (2007a). Also see: Burns (2007b).

There were a total number of 698 buildings and/or projects in the database, 172 of which were registered with NA in the “architect” column. For those who wonder, architects who followed NA were: Sedat Hakkı Eldem (41 projects), Kemalettin Bey (27 projects), Clemens Holzmeister (25 projects), Seyfi Arkan (19 projects), Doğan Tekeli – Sami Sisa partnership (19 projects), Ernst Egli (17 projects), and Behruz Çinici (17 projects). The archive was significantly more complete for the first half of the twentieth century and around 60% of the content belonged to the period 1920–1950. Among NAs, 114 projects were produced in various state offices and rest were mostly residential buildings with actually unknown stories.

For a detailed narration, see: İmamoğlu (2010).

Anon (1948).

İmamoğlu (2010), 90–92.

See, for instance: Anon (1938).

A large number of articles in the journal, especially the editorials maintained a non-aggressive yet insistent debate against the state’s architectural policies. See as examples: Sayar (1943a, b, 1944, 1946), Eldem (1940).

Balaban (2011).

Birkiye remains mostly silent on the heated discussion on the latest project, this comment is related to a previous, smaller local administrative building of his design. http://www.arkitera.com/haber/11068/sefik-birkiye–klasik-olanlar-uzun-omurludur.

The works of “starchitects” in the non-western context of the “developing” world has for long been subject to debate in terms of an “architecture arms race”. With the latest case, a New York Times article in 2013 answers the question “Who is Winning the Architectural Armsrace” as: “Baku, Azerbaijan, where the government is spending an estimated $6 billion a year on architecture projects. As we wrote in February, Azerbaijan’s leaders want to make their capital city a destination for the rich and fabulous”. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/10/13/magazine/look-architecture-arms-race.html?_r=0.

Anon (1938) Cumhuriyet Nafıasında Hukuk İdeolojisi [The ideology of law in the republican public works]. T.C. Bayındırlık Bakanlığı Bayındırlık İşleri Dergisi Yönetsel Kısım [Journal of Public Works, Administrative Part], vol 5, no 5, pp 489–495

Anon (1948) T.C. Bayındırlık Bakanlığı Bayındırlık İşleri Dergisi [Journal of Public Works], pp 162–163

Balaban O (2011) İnşaat Sektörü Neyin Lokomotifi. Birikim 270:19–26

Burns E (2007a) Developing a post-professional perspective for studying contemporary professions and organisations. In: 5th critical management studies conference, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Burns E (2007b) Positioning a post-professional approach to studying professions. NZ Sociol 22(1):69–99

Eldem SH (1940) Yerli Mimariye Doğru [Towards a national architecture]. Arkitekt 10:73

Freidson E (1970) Profession of medicine: a study of the sociology of applied knowledge. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Goldstein J (1984) Foucault among the sociologists, the “disciplines” and the history of the professions. Hist Theory 23(2):170–192CrossRef

İmamoğlu B (2010) Architectural production in state offices: an inquiry into the professionalization of architecture in early Republican Turkey. Publikatieburo Bouwkunde, Delft, pp 90–92

MacDonald KM (1995) The sociology of professions. Sage, London

Sarfatti-Larson M (1977) The rise of professionalism. University of California Press

Sarfatti-Larson M (1983) Emblem and exception: the historical definition of the architect’s professional role. In: Blau JR et al (eds) Professionals and urban form. SUNY Press, Albany, p 61

Sayar Z (1943) Biz Ne Yapıyoruz? [What are we doing?]. Arkitekt 9–10:193–194

Sayar Z (1943b) Bir Yapı ve İmar Politikamız Var mıdır? [Do we have a policy of buildings and construction?]. Arkitekt 5–6:97–98

Sayar Z (1944) Resmi Binalarda Otorite İfadesi [The authoritarian expression in official buildings]. Arkitekt 5–6:126

Sayar Z (1946) Devlet Yapılarının Bugünkü Durumu [The current condition of public buildings]. Arkitekt 11–12:249–250

Stevens G (1998) The favored circle: the social foundations of architectural distinction. MIT Press, Cambridge

Title: Architectural Professionalization in Turkey, Professionalism and Its Posts
Author: Bilge İmamoğlu
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Neo-liberalism and the Architecture of the Post Professional Era
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76266-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-76267-8

Copyright Year: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76267-8_3

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