Top

AI & SOCIETY

Published in:

25-02-2019 | Open Forum

Artificial intelligence: consciousness and conscience

Author: Gunter Meissner

Published in: AI & SOCIETY | Issue 1/2020

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Our society is in the middle of the AI revolution. We discuss several applications of AI, in particular medical causality, where deep-learning neural networks screen through big data bases, extracting associations between a patient’s condition and possible causes. While beneficial in medicine, several questionable AI trading strategies have emerged in finance. Though advantages in many aspects of our lives, serious threats of AI exist. We suggest several regulatory measures to reduce these threats. We further discuss whether ‘full AI robots’ should be programmed with a virtual consciousness and conscience. While this would reduce AI threats via motivational control, other threats such as the desire for AI—human socioeconomic equality could prove detrimental.

previous article What do we owe to intelligent robots?

next article Digital akrasia: a qualitative study of phubbing

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Esteva et al. (2017).

Bhattacharya et al. (2017).

https://futurism.com/ibms-watson-ai-recommends-same-treatment-as-doctors-in-99-of-cancer-cases/.

The difference between an Android and a Humanoid is simply that an Android is made to look as human as possible, whereas a Humanoid does not necessarily mimic human forms and features. In contrast to an Android and a Humanoid, a Cyborg (short for cybernetic organism) is a being with organic and mechanical parts, popularized by the fictional character Terminator.

Morton and Kissell (2013).

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-06-06/how-the-robots-lost-high-frequency-tradings-rise-and-fall.

https://www.sec.gov/marketstructure/research/highlight-2013-01.html#.Wl2MkkxFy1w.

The term Front Running comes from the days when brokerages received phone orders from their clients. A ‘runner’ would bring the order to the trading pit to be executed. Sometimes another trader would ‘front run’ the runner to place an order on his own account first.

A dark pool is an electronic trading system, in which the dealer, the type of order, and the order size is not known to other dealers to provide anonymity.

https://www.justice.gov/criminal-fraud/file/910206/download.

Tetlock et al. (2008).

Singularity has many different meanings in different sciences, sometimes even different meanings in the same science. In math singularity can refer to a function that is not ‘well-behaved’, i.e. not differentiable or is infinite. In Astrophysics it can refer the state of infinite density and heat just before the Big Bang, or the gravity induced singularity in Black Holes.

For a plethora of consciousness definitions, in fact 23, from Aristotle to modern definitions, see Pagel and Kirshtein (2017).

McDermott (2007).

Sir Diaper is the nickname that Siri is calling me, my kids apparently having access to my iPhone.

See Koch and Tononi (2008), and Reggia (2013) for details.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMrX08PxUNY.

Asimov I (1950) “Runaround”, The Isaac Asimov Collection ed., New York City

Bhattacharya A, Young A, Wong A, Stalling S, Wei M, Hadle D (2017) Precision diagnosis of melanoma and other skin lesions from digital images. AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc

Cox MT (2005) Metacognition in computation: a selected research review. Artif Intell 169(2):104–141CrossRef

Descartes R (1628) Rules for the direction of the mind

Esteva A, Kuprel B, Novoa R, Ko J, Swetter S, Blau H, Thrun S (2017) Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature 542:115–118CrossRef

Gallup G Jr (1970) Chimpanzees: self recognition. Science 167:86–87CrossRef

Glantz M, Kissell R (2013) Multi-asset risk modeling: techniques for a global economy in an electronic and algorithmic trading era. Academic Press, Cambridge

Koch C, Tononi G (2008) Can machines be conscious? IEEE Spectrum, vol 45. IEEE, pp 55–59

Leibnitz G (2011) 1714, “Monadology”; George MacDonald Ross (trans.), archived from the original on July 3

McDermott D (2007) Artificial intelligence and consciousness. Yale University, New HavenCrossRef

Morton G, Kissell R (2013) Multi-asset risk modeling: techniques for a global economy in an electronic and algorithmic trading era. Academic Press, Cambridge

Pagel JF, Kirshtein P (2017) Machine dreaming and consciousness. Academic Press, Cambridge

Reggia JA (2013) The rise of machine consciousness: studying consciousness with computational models. Neural Netw 44:112–131CrossRef

Schumpeter J (1975) Capitalism, socialism and democracy. Harper 1975, [orig. pub. 1942]

Searle JR (1980) Minds, brains, and programs. Behav Brain Sci 3(3):417–424CrossRef

Tarleton N (2010) Coherent extrapolated volition: a meta-level approach to machine ethics. The Singularity Institute, San Francisco

Tetlock PC, Maytal S-T, Macskassy SA (2008) More than words: quantifying language to measure firms’ fundamentals. J Fin 63(3):1437–1467CrossRef

Yudkowski E (2004) Coherent extrapolated volition. Machine Intelligence Research Institute

Title: Artificial intelligence: consciousness and conscience
Author: Gunter Meissner
Publication date: 25-02-2019
Publisher: Springer London
Published in: AI & SOCIETY / Issue 1/2020
Print ISSN: 0951-5666
Electronic ISSN: 1435-5655
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-019-00880-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Is it possible to cure Internet addiction with the Internet?

AI recognition of differences among book-length texts

Classification of global catastrophic risks connected with artificial intelligence

Social choice ethics in artificial intelligence

Digital akrasia: a qualitative study of phubbing

The future of war: could lethal autonomous weapons make conflict more ethical?

Premium Partner